Woman of the Year: 1953-Queen Elizabeth II
From the day she was born, the life of Queen Elizabeth II shows that she deserved to receive the title "Woman of the Year." She had practical intelligence since she was a kid and she respected peoples opinions.
Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926 at the London home of her mother's parents, Lord and Lady Strathmore. She was baptized at Buckingham Palace and named Elizabeth Alexandra Mary five weeks later.
Elizabeth's father was Albert, the Duke of York. He was the second son of King George V. When his dad died in 1936, his brother was supposed to become king but he resigned. So he became king. Her mother was Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. She was a member of the Scottish aristocracy. Her sister Margaret Rose was born on August 21, 1930, when she was 4 years old in Glamis Castle. Her grandparents were George V and Queen Mary, and Lord and Lady Strathmore.
Elizabeth and her sister were homed schooled. She was taught by Miss Marion Crawford, a young Scottish woman. At the age of 5, she usually woke up at 6 a.m. and went out for riding lessons. After that, they had lunch, lessons in French, voice and piano. In the afternoon she would play in the garden, usually with her sister and Miss Crawford. She became heiress to the throne at the age of ten. She had to learn court etiquette and diplomatic practice from her grandmother, Queen Mary. She studied the geography and history of the Commonwealth countries and the U.S. Elizabeth went to Eton College for private lessons in law. She was training for future duties. Being a princess was not easy. She had to prepare for a hard life, never make mistakes, never look bored and never be sick if possible.
Elizabeth grew up at the families London home, a large Victorian House on 145 Picadilly and at the Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park. When her dad became King they moved to Buckingham Palace. It was more like a museum than a house. Elizabeth spent their holidays with their grandparents on both sides. When she spent it with the Strathmore it would sometimes be at the Glamis Castle. It was a rugged, rambling old Scottish fortress. "It looked like something out of a child's adventure stories-paradise of echoing rooms, long passage and mysterious stairways." (Trease 1953, 231) Elizabeth enjoyed exploring the castle when she was young. She was 13 when World War II occurred. A year later bombs started falling on London. Elizabeth and her sister had to go to safety at the fortress of Windsor Castle. She returned to London on October 13, 1940. She then joined the woman's branch army and took training as an automobile driver and mechanic.
Prince Philip was an officer in the Royal Navy during World War II. He met Elizabeth in the war. Later he dropped the title of prince to become a British citizen. He took his mother's family name, Mountbatten. On November 20, 1946, Philip and Elizabeth were married at Westminister Abbey. There first kid was born on November 14.1948. His name was Prince Charles Philip Arthur George and was later known as Prince of Wales. They also had Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise on August 15, 1950, Prince Andrew Albert Christian Edward on February 19, 1960, and Prince Edward Antony Richard Louis on March 10, 1964.
Elizabeth and Philip were on a tour in Kenya when her dad died on February 6, 1952, and she automatically became Queen Elizabeth II. She was not just Queen of England but Queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and more. They considered her a Queen but she did not have power over them (Trease 1953, 234). Queen Elizabeth the II had no political power. Some of her duties as a queen was constitutional work (opening the Parliament), entertainment of foreign dignitaries, giving tours of Britain and the commonwealth. But most of all, she had to be someone the people could look up to without anyone gossiping or criticizing her (McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Biography 1973, 569).
In 1953, this shy, dedicated and determined 26-year old queen was selected Woman of the Year. She was chosen because she was a symbol of faith. She was also a reminder of a great pass and was a sign of a good future. Queen Elizabeth II represented in her person all that they hold best in the British way of life (Time Almanac 1994, 7). Another reason was she had a close relationship between her people. She was willing to listen to them and willing to let them participate in decisions like the one against stiff conservative prejudice. Her goal was "to find the proper balance between simplicity and richness-where she would lend majesty to her people-but not outrage those who demand a more democratic example." (Time Almanac 1994, 5). The opinion of a London editorialist said "It may well be that we here in Britain, by accident rather than design, have stumbled back to the original, the true and abiding function of monarchy, which lay in the magical power of kings...to represent, express and effect the aspiration of the collective subconscious." (Time Almanac 1994, 4).
The Queen Elizabeth Island named in honor of Queen Elizabeth II. It is located in Canada, north of Lancaster Sound and Melville Sound. The total amount of land added up is about 160,000 square miles.
People may think that princes or princesses are spoiled when little, but they aren't. They had to prepare for a hard life ahead of them, when they become king or queen. They had to find a way to communicate to the people and make them listen. Queen Elizabeth II found a way-by being willing to listen to them and allowing them to take part in decisions. She won the hearts of her people and the title "Woman of the Year."
Thursday 27 September 2012
Welles
History of Cinema
Term Paper
Orson Welles
The term 'genius' was applied to him from the cradle, first by the man who would vie with Orson's father to nurture the talent all agreed resided in the fragile boy.(Leaming, 3)
George Orson Welles was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin on May 6, 1915. He was the second son of Richard Head Welles, an inventor, and his wife Beatrice Ives, a concert pianist. His mother was the child of a wealthy family. She had been brought up to revere artistic achievements, and began playing the piano, professionally, only after her marriage broke up when Orson was six. A local doctor, Russian-Jewish orthopedist named Maurice Bernstein, who was a passionate admirer of Mrs. Welles, on first sight of the infant Orson declared him to be without a doubt a genius. Bernstein showered Orson with gifts and virtually took over the direction of his life, to such an extent that Orson called him 'Dadda'.
When Orson was four, his father moved his family to Chicago, possibly to get away from Bernstein's attentions. This plan failed when Bernstein almost immediately followed them. Through Bernstein who was always forcing him to perform, and through his mother musical talents, the young Orson quickly came into contact with Chicago's musical society and walked on in the Chicago Opera's production of 'Samson and Delilah', then in a more important role of Butterfly's love-child Trouble in 'Madame Butterfly'. He also got a temporary job dressed up as a rabbit at Marshall Fields.
Shortly after Orson's sixth birthday his parent's formally separated, his father taking off and his mother remaing to pursue her music ambitions in Chicago. Welles live most of his time with his mother and Dadda Bernstein, but regularly traveled with his father on holidays.
His health effectively kept him out of school until he was eleven, so he had acquired a lot of cultural groundings at home with his mother and the doctor. Fears that he might prove ungovernable like his brother Richard, who had been expelled from school by the age of ten and subsequently banished from home, brought him in 1926 to enrollment in the Todd School for Boys at Woodstock, Illinois, a few months after his mothers death from a liver condition at the age of forty-three. The school was ideally equipped for the nurturing of a young wayward genius.(Taylor) It was run by the proprietor, a terror rejoicing in the name as 'the King'.
Todd School had something of a tradition in drama, though mainly lightweight revues, nativity plays and such. In this department Orson soon got his own way. He was before long adapting, directing and starring in: 'Doctor Faustus', 'Everyman', 'Le Medicin Malgre Lui', 'Julius Caesar' with Orson as Cassius, 'Dr. Jekkyl and Mr. Hyde', with Orson as both. He also built and managed a large puppet theater, writing his own melodramatic scripts and directing his assistants with the utmost authority.
As he moved into his teens Orson was already well on his way to becoming a legend. Everybody seemed to be convinced that he was extraordinary, and quite possibly a genius in the making. But for all his outward reassurance, the child lived in a constant fear of not living up to his parent's expectations. "I always felt I was letting them down. That's why I worked so hard. That's the stuff that turned the motor."(Leaming, 6) He would do anything for their approval. He remembers that when he was very young his parents sent him on errands to the other side of town. Terrified to go off alone, but wanting to please them, the child repeatedly forced himself to do as they asked without flinching. " I was taught to feel secure, it was not in my character."
It is important in looking at Welles's arrival in Hollywood and his extraordinary contract his agent Arnold Weissburger managed to get out of RKO to be quite clear what the 'it' was. What Welles had done was to hit the headlines with amazing consistency. From the black Macbeth onwards, Welles had shown an uncanny knack, not only of delivering enough quality to keep the intellectual audiences returning, but also of doing it in the most public and newsworthy way, so that he was a name and had achieved a notoriety even with millions who had never had the chance to sample his work. The talent was worth gambling on, even in Hollywood.(Taylor, 41)
And that sort of gamble is just what Schaefer and RKO decided to take. The very nature of Welles's contract, which tied him to make two films, the first by 1940, the second by 1941. Getting paid $100,000 for the first, and $125,000 for the second, plus percentages of the profits after RKO had made back that initial investment of $500,000 per picture. Orson would produce, write, direct, and appear in both of these pictures which was news in itself, and supported his public image of the wonder boy. In early February of 1939 Orson began to work on the idea which was to become a milestone in motion picture history, 'Citizen Kane'. To help him he hired Herman J. Mankiewicz, successful screenwriter, and more immediately a regular writer for the Welles radio shows and collaborator on "The Smiler with a Knife" script.
Apart from anything else, there are very clear autobiographical connotations in Welles's picture of Charles Foster Kane. The most obvious is the naming of young Kane's kindly, protective guardian as Bernstein, like Welles's own.
Citizen Kane was them, and is now, essentially a film-makers film. there was possibly nothing in the film that was absolutely unprecedented.(Taylor,57
Term Paper
Orson Welles
The term 'genius' was applied to him from the cradle, first by the man who would vie with Orson's father to nurture the talent all agreed resided in the fragile boy.(Leaming, 3)
George Orson Welles was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin on May 6, 1915. He was the second son of Richard Head Welles, an inventor, and his wife Beatrice Ives, a concert pianist. His mother was the child of a wealthy family. She had been brought up to revere artistic achievements, and began playing the piano, professionally, only after her marriage broke up when Orson was six. A local doctor, Russian-Jewish orthopedist named Maurice Bernstein, who was a passionate admirer of Mrs. Welles, on first sight of the infant Orson declared him to be without a doubt a genius. Bernstein showered Orson with gifts and virtually took over the direction of his life, to such an extent that Orson called him 'Dadda'.
When Orson was four, his father moved his family to Chicago, possibly to get away from Bernstein's attentions. This plan failed when Bernstein almost immediately followed them. Through Bernstein who was always forcing him to perform, and through his mother musical talents, the young Orson quickly came into contact with Chicago's musical society and walked on in the Chicago Opera's production of 'Samson and Delilah', then in a more important role of Butterfly's love-child Trouble in 'Madame Butterfly'. He also got a temporary job dressed up as a rabbit at Marshall Fields.
Shortly after Orson's sixth birthday his parent's formally separated, his father taking off and his mother remaing to pursue her music ambitions in Chicago. Welles live most of his time with his mother and Dadda Bernstein, but regularly traveled with his father on holidays.
His health effectively kept him out of school until he was eleven, so he had acquired a lot of cultural groundings at home with his mother and the doctor. Fears that he might prove ungovernable like his brother Richard, who had been expelled from school by the age of ten and subsequently banished from home, brought him in 1926 to enrollment in the Todd School for Boys at Woodstock, Illinois, a few months after his mothers death from a liver condition at the age of forty-three. The school was ideally equipped for the nurturing of a young wayward genius.(Taylor) It was run by the proprietor, a terror rejoicing in the name as 'the King'.
Todd School had something of a tradition in drama, though mainly lightweight revues, nativity plays and such. In this department Orson soon got his own way. He was before long adapting, directing and starring in: 'Doctor Faustus', 'Everyman', 'Le Medicin Malgre Lui', 'Julius Caesar' with Orson as Cassius, 'Dr. Jekkyl and Mr. Hyde', with Orson as both. He also built and managed a large puppet theater, writing his own melodramatic scripts and directing his assistants with the utmost authority.
As he moved into his teens Orson was already well on his way to becoming a legend. Everybody seemed to be convinced that he was extraordinary, and quite possibly a genius in the making. But for all his outward reassurance, the child lived in a constant fear of not living up to his parent's expectations. "I always felt I was letting them down. That's why I worked so hard. That's the stuff that turned the motor."(Leaming, 6) He would do anything for their approval. He remembers that when he was very young his parents sent him on errands to the other side of town. Terrified to go off alone, but wanting to please them, the child repeatedly forced himself to do as they asked without flinching. " I was taught to feel secure, it was not in my character."
It is important in looking at Welles's arrival in Hollywood and his extraordinary contract his agent Arnold Weissburger managed to get out of RKO to be quite clear what the 'it' was. What Welles had done was to hit the headlines with amazing consistency. From the black Macbeth onwards, Welles had shown an uncanny knack, not only of delivering enough quality to keep the intellectual audiences returning, but also of doing it in the most public and newsworthy way, so that he was a name and had achieved a notoriety even with millions who had never had the chance to sample his work. The talent was worth gambling on, even in Hollywood.(Taylor, 41)
And that sort of gamble is just what Schaefer and RKO decided to take. The very nature of Welles's contract, which tied him to make two films, the first by 1940, the second by 1941. Getting paid $100,000 for the first, and $125,000 for the second, plus percentages of the profits after RKO had made back that initial investment of $500,000 per picture. Orson would produce, write, direct, and appear in both of these pictures which was news in itself, and supported his public image of the wonder boy. In early February of 1939 Orson began to work on the idea which was to become a milestone in motion picture history, 'Citizen Kane'. To help him he hired Herman J. Mankiewicz, successful screenwriter, and more immediately a regular writer for the Welles radio shows and collaborator on "The Smiler with a Knife" script.
Apart from anything else, there are very clear autobiographical connotations in Welles's picture of Charles Foster Kane. The most obvious is the naming of young Kane's kindly, protective guardian as Bernstein, like Welles's own.
Citizen Kane was them, and is now, essentially a film-makers film. there was possibly nothing in the film that was absolutely unprecedented.(Taylor,57
WAYNE GRETZKY
COMPARE TWO BIOGRAPHIES OF WAYNE GRETZKY
In this essay, I need to compare two biographies of a famous
person. I will plot out the difference and compare the two books
considering point of view, bias, aim, omission, interest and
interpretation. This person is my hero and idol. He is one of the great
player in the history of hockey. He set the all-time NHL scoring record
in 26 seasons and got four Stanley cup in a row from 1984-1988. He is
Wayne Gretzky, the most brilliant and talent hockey player in this
century. Ichose the "Gretzky and Taylor" and "Gretzky with Rick Reilly.
The book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly was an autobiography. It showed
how Wayne Gretzky from his AHL to a famous NHL player. In this book,
there were a lot of Gretzky's childhood. We knew that Wayne Gretzky could
skate at two years old. He was well known by people at six. When he was
ten, he was signing autographs and had a national magazine article
written about him. A thirty- minutes national television show done on him
at fifteen. It also talk about Gretzky's hero when he was a kid. He was a
funny guy. He was Gretzky's hockey instructor. He was also his lacrosse,
baseball basketball and cross country coach. He was not only coach, but
also trainer and chauffeur. Gretzky called him dad, his name was Walter.
However, in the book "Gretzky and Taylor", it did not show anything in
Gretzky's childhood. It was started when Gretzky became the NHL player, a
member of Edmonton Oiler's rookie. How he became the hall of the frame.
The description of this book was very interesting. The writer show the
thing through the game. For example the first chapter was talking about
the 1984 Stanley Cup final between the Edmonton Oilers and New York
Islander.
"Wayne," he said, "don't worry about not scoring so far. Just make
sure that when you do get a goal for us is a big one. " (Page 15 Gretzky
and Taylor ) From this conversation, we could know what had happen at
that time. So, there was different between the point of view of those two
books.
Although this two books had the different point of view, they both
had the same aim. They also showed to young people that worked hard was
the only source of success. In the book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly",
Gretzky showed his talent when he was young. He was national knew at six.
There was even a wild rumors that the New York Rangers were going to buy
the entry Brantford Pee Wee franchise, so that they had the right to take
him when he turn the greater. But behind the success, did you know how
much Gretzky put on the hockey. In the winter, Gretzky would get in the
mourning, skated from seven o' clock to eight- thirty, went to school,
came back home at three thirty, stayed on the ice until his mother ready
the dinner, ate in his skater, then went back out until nine o' clock. On
Saturday and Sundays, he would have games played with his neighborhood.
So looked how much times that Gretzky put on the practice and that time
he was six. Also in the book "Gretzky and Taylor", because of Brantford,
the home of Wayne Gretzky. He left home at fourteen. He moved to Toronto,
playing with the Toronto Young Nationals, Junior B. The years in Toronto
were no way for a kid. He was lonely, living without family. But why
Gretzky chose to do this? It was because he could go to school and nobody
knew who he was and he would play better hockey. So now we can see how
Gretzky was so successful.
We could clearly see the omission between these tow book. It was
because the "Gretzky and Taylor" was published in 1984, there was a great
omission in Gretzky's life. This thing happened in 1988, the Edmonton
Oilers wanted to tread Gretzky to L.A. Kings. That was the most important
trade in the NHL. The book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly" was published in
1900. So it had some more detail in this event. After the Oilers had won
the fourth Stanley Cup in last five years. The owner of the Oilers Nelson
Skalbania wanted Oilers to go public, so he could raise money easily. In
order to go public, he had to get Gretzky out of the personal service
contract and make Gretzky property of the team. Because Skalbania knew
what he needed wasn't more Stanley Cups. He didn't need to sell more
ticket. His arena was already sold out. He need cash. So, now Gretzky
became a LA. Kings after this huge deal in the NHL history. Talking
about the bias, I didn't think there had a lot of bias in this two books.
I could only find a little bias in the book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly" it
was because this book was a autobiography, it may had a little bit
subjective. The part that a felt subjective was the huge deal. In the
book, it only had people who supported Gretzky to give their comments, no
one was on the side owner .May be the thing was what the people had said,
but you should also had the comment of other side. So that people can
compare by themselves.
Both two books were very interesting, not only the words but a lot
of pictures. These pictures could make the books more interested but also
gave readers the image how Gretzky played hockey. And the interpretation,
both two books had some statistic in the back. It showed how many goals,
assists, points and many other statistic of Wayne Gretzky. (see note 1)
Compare of these two books, I could find both very interested and
excllent. However, I thought the "Gretzky with Rick Reilly" was a liitle
bit better than the other because of the more specify details.
----------------
In this essay, I need to compare two biographies of a famous
person. I will plot out the difference and compare the two books
considering point of view, bias, aim, omission, interest and
interpretation. This person is my hero and idol. He is one of the great
player in the history of hockey. He set the all-time NHL scoring record
in 26 seasons and got four Stanley cup in a row from 1984-1988. He is
Wayne Gretzky, the most brilliant and talent hockey player in this
century. Ichose the "Gretzky and Taylor" and "Gretzky with Rick Reilly.
The book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly was an autobiography. It showed
how Wayne Gretzky from his AHL to a famous NHL player. In this book,
there were a lot of Gretzky's childhood. We knew that Wayne Gretzky could
skate at two years old. He was well known by people at six. When he was
ten, he was signing autographs and had a national magazine article
written about him. A thirty- minutes national television show done on him
at fifteen. It also talk about Gretzky's hero when he was a kid. He was a
funny guy. He was Gretzky's hockey instructor. He was also his lacrosse,
baseball basketball and cross country coach. He was not only coach, but
also trainer and chauffeur. Gretzky called him dad, his name was Walter.
However, in the book "Gretzky and Taylor", it did not show anything in
Gretzky's childhood. It was started when Gretzky became the NHL player, a
member of Edmonton Oiler's rookie. How he became the hall of the frame.
The description of this book was very interesting. The writer show the
thing through the game. For example the first chapter was talking about
the 1984 Stanley Cup final between the Edmonton Oilers and New York
Islander.
"Wayne," he said, "don't worry about not scoring so far. Just make
sure that when you do get a goal for us is a big one. " (Page 15 Gretzky
and Taylor ) From this conversation, we could know what had happen at
that time. So, there was different between the point of view of those two
books.
Although this two books had the different point of view, they both
had the same aim. They also showed to young people that worked hard was
the only source of success. In the book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly",
Gretzky showed his talent when he was young. He was national knew at six.
There was even a wild rumors that the New York Rangers were going to buy
the entry Brantford Pee Wee franchise, so that they had the right to take
him when he turn the greater. But behind the success, did you know how
much Gretzky put on the hockey. In the winter, Gretzky would get in the
mourning, skated from seven o' clock to eight- thirty, went to school,
came back home at three thirty, stayed on the ice until his mother ready
the dinner, ate in his skater, then went back out until nine o' clock. On
Saturday and Sundays, he would have games played with his neighborhood.
So looked how much times that Gretzky put on the practice and that time
he was six. Also in the book "Gretzky and Taylor", because of Brantford,
the home of Wayne Gretzky. He left home at fourteen. He moved to Toronto,
playing with the Toronto Young Nationals, Junior B. The years in Toronto
were no way for a kid. He was lonely, living without family. But why
Gretzky chose to do this? It was because he could go to school and nobody
knew who he was and he would play better hockey. So now we can see how
Gretzky was so successful.
We could clearly see the omission between these tow book. It was
because the "Gretzky and Taylor" was published in 1984, there was a great
omission in Gretzky's life. This thing happened in 1988, the Edmonton
Oilers wanted to tread Gretzky to L.A. Kings. That was the most important
trade in the NHL. The book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly" was published in
1900. So it had some more detail in this event. After the Oilers had won
the fourth Stanley Cup in last five years. The owner of the Oilers Nelson
Skalbania wanted Oilers to go public, so he could raise money easily. In
order to go public, he had to get Gretzky out of the personal service
contract and make Gretzky property of the team. Because Skalbania knew
what he needed wasn't more Stanley Cups. He didn't need to sell more
ticket. His arena was already sold out. He need cash. So, now Gretzky
became a LA. Kings after this huge deal in the NHL history. Talking
about the bias, I didn't think there had a lot of bias in this two books.
I could only find a little bias in the book "Gretzky with Rick Reilly" it
was because this book was a autobiography, it may had a little bit
subjective. The part that a felt subjective was the huge deal. In the
book, it only had people who supported Gretzky to give their comments, no
one was on the side owner .May be the thing was what the people had said,
but you should also had the comment of other side. So that people can
compare by themselves.
Both two books were very interesting, not only the words but a lot
of pictures. These pictures could make the books more interested but also
gave readers the image how Gretzky played hockey. And the interpretation,
both two books had some statistic in the back. It showed how many goals,
assists, points and many other statistic of Wayne Gretzky. (see note 1)
Compare of these two books, I could find both very interested and
excllent. However, I thought the "Gretzky with Rick Reilly" was a liitle
bit better than the other because of the more specify details.
----------------
Tony Kornheiser
Tony Kornheiser is the self-admitted opinionated, sarcastic sports and style columnist for The Washington Post. Kornheiser's purpose is not to report to the reader an objective account of a sporting event, but rather to add humor to topics that range in topic from the Washington Redskins ("It's Now an Off-Road Vehicle," November 5, 1996) to his lunch-time experience the other day ("In a Real Fix," November 3, 1996). Kornheiser's diction, figurative language, and tone make his columns what they are. Often, diction, figurative language, and tone are not common in the journalistic world, but Kornheiser's humor finds room for them.
Tony Kornheiser's sarcasm is almost entirely related to his diction. He contains the skills to take something as insignificant as a restaurant changing on him unexpectedly and reports about it so that the common man can relate. He is The Washington Post's Jerry Seinfeld. He blends the slang of the street man with the poetic verbs and fluid adjectives of an English teacher. For example, in "In A Real Fixe," Kornheiser says, "George was beginning to suspect that we had entered (doo-doo, doo-doo). . . The Nouvelle Dining Zone." Most people who have watched the Twilight Zone before can relate this statement as a reference to the famous TV show, so Kornheiser's slang was effective in grabbing the reader, even if a large majority of them have no idea what the word "nouvelle" means. Kornheiser uses an array of such adjectives throughout his pieces but he does not pretend to be above his readers. He fills his work with colloquial speech such as his references in "It's Now an Off-Road Vehicle" to other Washington Post columnists such as Michael Wilbon, and to his "Redskins Bandwagon." (The Redskins Bandwagon was a common phrase used by Washington Redskins fans when the team won the Superbowl in 1991). Kornheiser assumes that the reader is familiar with him, and that is clear in his informal diction that is used with the reader. It is almost to the point of a friendship, as though a coworker was letting off his steam at work during a lunch break.
Kornheiser's figurative speech also add to his style quite well. The blend of diction and figurative speech is clear as Kornheiser uses several local allusions in his metaphors and similes that add to his "common man" image. For example, in "In a Real Fixe," Kornheiser compares the look of a hostess' face to one of a nurse at St. Elizabeth's, a local mental hospital. In that same article he also compares his whole experience to "going down into the Metro and finding you're on the Concorde." His figurative language add to his sarcasm. Anytime a metaphor or a simile is used, it is used for exaggeration purpose. Sarcasm is funny exaggeration. Kornheiser compared his expensive lunch meal to "Big Red chewing gum wrapped around a pimento." That's funny because he is comparing such an precious meal to a piece of gum and a pimento, a $25 meal to a 25 cent meal. In "It's Now an Off-Road Vehicle," the whole column is one giant metaphor. His Redskins Bandwagon (which is supposedly a vehicle that starts up and gets ready to let fans hop on all the way to the Superbowl with the Redskins, but if you are a Kornheiser reader, he expects you to know that already) has turned into an "off-road vehicle" because of a Redskins crushing defeat to a team. His figurative language is easy to understand, and it is funny. Always, though, it is used in a satirical manner and it is always used to help the reader to relate to the situation, usually in their terms.
The most important element of Kornheiser's writing is his tone. His tone is extremely sarcastic, light-hearted, facetious, and sometimes derogatory to his peers. It is his tone which makes the diction and the figurative language work. If his tone were one of seriousness, there would still be the sarcasm but it would be far less understandable. In "In a Real Fixe," the main theme of his story is about how uncomfortable he and his friends felt in the fancy restaurant that had once been an eat-and-go place. It is apparent how uncomfortable they felt by the quotes that Kornheiser uses. When his boss, George, is questioned about imported water, he says that he "likes tap water." This clearly shows the uncharacteristic situation that they are in. His sarcasm is shown when he refers to cold buffets he had been to before where "some guys aren't even wearing shirts," as a joke about the dress code necessary for this place. When he claims that his boss, George, was nervous because "he'd [n]ever been anywhere with fresh flowers before, other than a funeral," it is obviously sarcastic to express the point. It is that kind of tone that gets the reader's reaction the best. In "It's Now an Off-Road Vehicle" the same tone is evident. He expresses his thoughts on Jim Kelly's age (Jim Kelly is a 37 year old quarterback for the Buffalo Bills) by comparing Kelly's age to his own age in terms of calling himself the "Sultan of Samarkand." When mentioning the Redskins poor performance, he jokes that a team that cannot tackle, cannot pass, and cannot run cannot win unless they are playing the St. Louis Rams (a notoriously bad franchise in professional football). It is comments like those that make Kornheiser's columns funny. His derogatory name calling is also humorous because it is rare that a columnist stoops down to such a level without remorse. In "In a Real Fixe," he refers to his boss (his boss!) as a "notoriously cheap" man and gives a funny example of how tight his boss is. In "It's Now An Off-Road Vehicle," Kornheiser lashes out of fellow columnist Michael Wilbon for a considerable length of the piece. This derogatory tone, however, is funny not serious, which adds to the overall facetious attire of the columns.
It is clear that Tony Kornheiser's purpose in writing is not to inform the reader of an event that happened. The average person could care less what Kornheiser ate for lunch or what he thinks about fellow reporters, but he writes about it anyway. He doesn't write about those topics just to write about those topics, he writes about those topics because the average person wants someone to relate to and they want someone to laugh with, and sometimes at, when Kornheiser self-abuses himself. People like Kornheiser because he is like a buddy. He writes about average stuff, and he is willing to stoop down to low levels to impress. But Kornheiser is not an average writer, he is instead a well-practiced, intelligent one, as shown by his usage of vivid verbs, aesthetic adjectives, and no-nonsense nouns. If requested, Kornheiser could write a plain summary of a football game or a basketball game, but instead, Kornheiser has his job because he is talented. He expects people to read his column and it is shown in the continuation of each article. He knows he is good and he is not afraid to show a certain cockiness, but it is his colloquial sarcasm that wins the readers.
Tony Kornheiser's sarcasm is almost entirely related to his diction. He contains the skills to take something as insignificant as a restaurant changing on him unexpectedly and reports about it so that the common man can relate. He is The Washington Post's Jerry Seinfeld. He blends the slang of the street man with the poetic verbs and fluid adjectives of an English teacher. For example, in "In A Real Fixe," Kornheiser says, "George was beginning to suspect that we had entered (doo-doo, doo-doo). . . The Nouvelle Dining Zone." Most people who have watched the Twilight Zone before can relate this statement as a reference to the famous TV show, so Kornheiser's slang was effective in grabbing the reader, even if a large majority of them have no idea what the word "nouvelle" means. Kornheiser uses an array of such adjectives throughout his pieces but he does not pretend to be above his readers. He fills his work with colloquial speech such as his references in "It's Now an Off-Road Vehicle" to other Washington Post columnists such as Michael Wilbon, and to his "Redskins Bandwagon." (The Redskins Bandwagon was a common phrase used by Washington Redskins fans when the team won the Superbowl in 1991). Kornheiser assumes that the reader is familiar with him, and that is clear in his informal diction that is used with the reader. It is almost to the point of a friendship, as though a coworker was letting off his steam at work during a lunch break.
Kornheiser's figurative speech also add to his style quite well. The blend of diction and figurative speech is clear as Kornheiser uses several local allusions in his metaphors and similes that add to his "common man" image. For example, in "In a Real Fixe," Kornheiser compares the look of a hostess' face to one of a nurse at St. Elizabeth's, a local mental hospital. In that same article he also compares his whole experience to "going down into the Metro and finding you're on the Concorde." His figurative language add to his sarcasm. Anytime a metaphor or a simile is used, it is used for exaggeration purpose. Sarcasm is funny exaggeration. Kornheiser compared his expensive lunch meal to "Big Red chewing gum wrapped around a pimento." That's funny because he is comparing such an precious meal to a piece of gum and a pimento, a $25 meal to a 25 cent meal. In "It's Now an Off-Road Vehicle," the whole column is one giant metaphor. His Redskins Bandwagon (which is supposedly a vehicle that starts up and gets ready to let fans hop on all the way to the Superbowl with the Redskins, but if you are a Kornheiser reader, he expects you to know that already) has turned into an "off-road vehicle" because of a Redskins crushing defeat to a team. His figurative language is easy to understand, and it is funny. Always, though, it is used in a satirical manner and it is always used to help the reader to relate to the situation, usually in their terms.
The most important element of Kornheiser's writing is his tone. His tone is extremely sarcastic, light-hearted, facetious, and sometimes derogatory to his peers. It is his tone which makes the diction and the figurative language work. If his tone were one of seriousness, there would still be the sarcasm but it would be far less understandable. In "In a Real Fixe," the main theme of his story is about how uncomfortable he and his friends felt in the fancy restaurant that had once been an eat-and-go place. It is apparent how uncomfortable they felt by the quotes that Kornheiser uses. When his boss, George, is questioned about imported water, he says that he "likes tap water." This clearly shows the uncharacteristic situation that they are in. His sarcasm is shown when he refers to cold buffets he had been to before where "some guys aren't even wearing shirts," as a joke about the dress code necessary for this place. When he claims that his boss, George, was nervous because "he'd [n]ever been anywhere with fresh flowers before, other than a funeral," it is obviously sarcastic to express the point. It is that kind of tone that gets the reader's reaction the best. In "It's Now an Off-Road Vehicle" the same tone is evident. He expresses his thoughts on Jim Kelly's age (Jim Kelly is a 37 year old quarterback for the Buffalo Bills) by comparing Kelly's age to his own age in terms of calling himself the "Sultan of Samarkand." When mentioning the Redskins poor performance, he jokes that a team that cannot tackle, cannot pass, and cannot run cannot win unless they are playing the St. Louis Rams (a notoriously bad franchise in professional football). It is comments like those that make Kornheiser's columns funny. His derogatory name calling is also humorous because it is rare that a columnist stoops down to such a level without remorse. In "In a Real Fixe," he refers to his boss (his boss!) as a "notoriously cheap" man and gives a funny example of how tight his boss is. In "It's Now An Off-Road Vehicle," Kornheiser lashes out of fellow columnist Michael Wilbon for a considerable length of the piece. This derogatory tone, however, is funny not serious, which adds to the overall facetious attire of the columns.
It is clear that Tony Kornheiser's purpose in writing is not to inform the reader of an event that happened. The average person could care less what Kornheiser ate for lunch or what he thinks about fellow reporters, but he writes about it anyway. He doesn't write about those topics just to write about those topics, he writes about those topics because the average person wants someone to relate to and they want someone to laugh with, and sometimes at, when Kornheiser self-abuses himself. People like Kornheiser because he is like a buddy. He writes about average stuff, and he is willing to stoop down to low levels to impress. But Kornheiser is not an average writer, he is instead a well-practiced, intelligent one, as shown by his usage of vivid verbs, aesthetic adjectives, and no-nonsense nouns. If requested, Kornheiser could write a plain summary of a football game or a basketball game, but instead, Kornheiser has his job because he is talented. He expects people to read his column and it is shown in the continuation of each article. He knows he is good and he is not afraid to show a certain cockiness, but it is his colloquial sarcasm that wins the readers.
Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine
In September of 1776, on the outskirts of Newark, among the tired, discouraged, soldiers, as they paused from their daily retreat, sat Thomas Paine. He wrote many papers that would have a major effect on the outcome of the quest for independence.
Born the son of a Quaker Laymaker on January 29th, 1737 at Thetford, Norfolk England. He received a basic elementary education, and started to work for his father as an apprentice, and later as an excise officer. He was not a huge success at either, and was in fact fired twice from the job as an excise officer.
When he arrived in Philadelphia on November 30th 1774, he was sick and feverish, and had to be carried on a stretcher. With a letter of recommendation from Ben Franklin, he was accepted into a hospital and given special care, until he recovered. With that same letter from Ben Franklin, he found many doors opened for him, including jobs tutoring many of the sons of the wealthiest men in Philadelphia.
Paine started over again, by publishing African Slavery In America, in the spring of 1775, in which he criticized slavery in America as being unjust and inhumane. At about this same time, he became the co-editor for the Pennsylvania Magazine. When he arrived in Philadelphia, Paine noticed the tension, and the rebellious attitude, that was continually getting larger, after the Boston Tea Party.
In Paine's opinion, the Colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them, and which did not give them the right of representation in the Parliament at Westminster. Then he went one massive step further, he decided there was no reason for the Colonies to stay dependent on England. He published his opinions in the American independence pamphlet Common Sense.
In Common Sense Paine states that sooner or later Independence from England must come, because America had lost touch with the mother country. He felt that the function of government in society was to only be a regulator, and thus pretty simple. His strong beliefs made him a major influence on the Declaration Of Independence.
He joined General Washington in his battle against General Howe in the War of Independence. Where he motivated many downhearted soldiers who needed reassurance. The retreating of General Washington's army was a slow, daily affair. Being an Englishman himself, Paine knew that the British enemy, would not take the Revolutionary Army seriously and was familiar with tactics of the English Army, and could advise the Revolutionary Army of what was to be expected. The English were polite in the way that they did not attack at night. They were slow to rise in the mornings, and early to retire for the evenings.
Their strategy on the battlefield was very formal and exact. The English would march in tight ranks, which was perfect for European battles, but senseless in the New World, where they would easily be taken out by Revolutionary sharpshooters. The bright red military uniforms that they wore looked great, but made them extra easy targets, in the misty New England days.
While under General Washington's command, Paine started work on the first of his American Crisis papers, which were later published between the years of 1776 and 1783 In these papers he wrote of how Americans must be willing to give it their all...
"These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot, will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman."
He also wrote of how the Americans would not win easily, for if they did, they would not respect it with the respect if they had a hard time overcoming it.
"Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered... What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly."
In 1787 Thomas Paine left for England, when the French Revolution broke out. Originally intending to raise money for a bridge he was building, Paine was sidetracked and became deeply involved in the French Revolution. He began publishing The Rights Of Man in which he defended the Revolution and attacked the English monarch. His book was banned in England, naturally, and he was to be arrested, but was not on account he had left for France.
When he returned to America in 1802, under invitation by Thomas Jefferson, he learned that he was considered a hindrance to America, or altogether forgotten. He died on June 8, 1809 in New York City, from dropsy.
Truly Thomas Paine was the Most Loved and Most Hated Man in America. He had motivated the young nation to free itself from a monarchic rule. And was a thorn in the side of England, as they continued to lose their grip of control, on America.
In September of 1776, on the outskirts of Newark, among the tired, discouraged, soldiers, as they paused from their daily retreat, sat Thomas Paine. He wrote many papers that would have a major effect on the outcome of the quest for independence.
Born the son of a Quaker Laymaker on January 29th, 1737 at Thetford, Norfolk England. He received a basic elementary education, and started to work for his father as an apprentice, and later as an excise officer. He was not a huge success at either, and was in fact fired twice from the job as an excise officer.
When he arrived in Philadelphia on November 30th 1774, he was sick and feverish, and had to be carried on a stretcher. With a letter of recommendation from Ben Franklin, he was accepted into a hospital and given special care, until he recovered. With that same letter from Ben Franklin, he found many doors opened for him, including jobs tutoring many of the sons of the wealthiest men in Philadelphia.
Paine started over again, by publishing African Slavery In America, in the spring of 1775, in which he criticized slavery in America as being unjust and inhumane. At about this same time, he became the co-editor for the Pennsylvania Magazine. When he arrived in Philadelphia, Paine noticed the tension, and the rebellious attitude, that was continually getting larger, after the Boston Tea Party.
In Paine's opinion, the Colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them, and which did not give them the right of representation in the Parliament at Westminster. Then he went one massive step further, he decided there was no reason for the Colonies to stay dependent on England. He published his opinions in the American independence pamphlet Common Sense.
In Common Sense Paine states that sooner or later Independence from England must come, because America had lost touch with the mother country. He felt that the function of government in society was to only be a regulator, and thus pretty simple. His strong beliefs made him a major influence on the Declaration Of Independence.
He joined General Washington in his battle against General Howe in the War of Independence. Where he motivated many downhearted soldiers who needed reassurance. The retreating of General Washington's army was a slow, daily affair. Being an Englishman himself, Paine knew that the British enemy, would not take the Revolutionary Army seriously and was familiar with tactics of the English Army, and could advise the Revolutionary Army of what was to be expected. The English were polite in the way that they did not attack at night. They were slow to rise in the mornings, and early to retire for the evenings.
Their strategy on the battlefield was very formal and exact. The English would march in tight ranks, which was perfect for European battles, but senseless in the New World, where they would easily be taken out by Revolutionary sharpshooters. The bright red military uniforms that they wore looked great, but made them extra easy targets, in the misty New England days.
While under General Washington's command, Paine started work on the first of his American Crisis papers, which were later published between the years of 1776 and 1783 In these papers he wrote of how Americans must be willing to give it their all...
"These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot, will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman."
He also wrote of how the Americans would not win easily, for if they did, they would not respect it with the respect if they had a hard time overcoming it.
"Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered... What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly."
In 1787 Thomas Paine left for England, when the French Revolution broke out. Originally intending to raise money for a bridge he was building, Paine was sidetracked and became deeply involved in the French Revolution. He began publishing The Rights Of Man in which he defended the Revolution and attacked the English monarch. His book was banned in England, naturally, and he was to be arrested, but was not on account he had left for France.
When he returned to America in 1802, under invitation by Thomas Jefferson, he learned that he was considered a hindrance to America, or altogether forgotten. He died on June 8, 1809 in New York City, from dropsy.
Truly Thomas Paine was the Most Loved and Most Hated Man in America. He had motivated the young nation to free itself from a monarchic rule. And was a thorn in the side of England, as they continued to lose their grip of control, on America.
Thomas Paine 4
Thomas Paine
In September of 1776, on the outskirts of Newark, among the tired, discouraged, soldiers, as they paused from their daily retreat, sat Thomas Paine. He wrote many papers that would have a major effect on the outcome of the quest for independence.
Born the son of a Quaker Laymaker on January 29th, 1737 at Thetford, Norfolk England. He received a basic elementary education, and started to work for his father as an apprentice, and later as an excise officer. He was not a huge success at either, and was in fact fired twice from the job as an excise officer.
When he arrived in Philadelphia on November 30th 1774, he was sick and feverish, and had to be carried on a stretcher. With a letter of recommendation from Ben Franklin, he was accepted into a hospital and given special care, until he recovered. With that same letter from Ben Franklin, he found many doors opened for him, including jobs tutoring many of the sons of the wealthiest men in Philadelphia.
Paine started over again, by publishing African Slavery In America, in the spring of 1775, in which he criticized slavery in America as being unjust and inhumane. At about this same time, he became the co-editor for the Pennsylvania Magazine. When he arrived in Philadelphia, Paine noticed the tension, and the rebellious attitude, that was continually getting larger, after the Boston Tea Party.
In Paine's opinion, the Colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them, and which did not give them the right of representation in the Parliament at Westminster. Then he went one massive step further, he decided there was no reason for the Colonies to stay dependent on England. He published his opinions in the American independence pamphlet Common Sense.
In Common Sense Paine states that sooner or later Independence from England must come, because America had lost touch with the mother country. He felt that the function of government in society was to only be a regulator, and thus pretty simple. His strong beliefs made him a major influence on the Declaration Of Independence.
He joined General Washington in his battle against General Howe in the War of Independence. Where he motivated many downhearted soldiers who needed reassurance. The retreating of General Washington's army was a slow, daily affair. Being an Englishman himself, Paine knew that the British enemy, would not take the Revolutionary Army seriously and was familiar with tactics of the English Army, and could advise the Revolutionary Army of what was to be expected. The English were polite in the way that they did not attack at night. They were slow to rise in the mornings, and early to retire for the evenings.
Their strategy on the battlefield was very formal and exact. The English would march in tight ranks, which was perfect for European battles, but senseless in the New World, where they would easily be taken out by Revolutionary sharpshooters. The bright red military uniforms that they wore looked great, but made them extra easy targets, in the misty New England days.
While under General Washington's command, Paine started work on the first of his American Crisis papers, which were later published between the years of 1776 and 1783 In these papers he wrote of how Americans must be willing to give it their all...
"These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot, will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman."
He also wrote of how the Americans would not win easily, for if they did, they would not respect it with the respect if they had a hard time overcoming it.
"Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered... What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly."
In 1787 Thomas Paine left for England, when the French Revolution broke out. Originally intending to raise money for a bridge he was building, Paine was sidetracked and became deeply involved in the French Revolution. He began publishing The Rights Of Man in which he defended the Revolution and attacked the English monarch. His book was banned in England, naturally, and he was to be arrested, but was not on account he had left for France.
When he returned to America in 1802, under invitation by Thomas Jefferson, he learned that he was considered a hindrance to America, or altogether forgotten. He died on June 8, 1809 in New York City, from dropsy.
Truly Thomas Paine was the Most Loved and Most Hated Man in America. He had motivated the young nation to free itself from a monarchic rule. And was a thorn in the side of England, as they continued to lose their grip of control, on America.
In September of 1776, on the outskirts of Newark, among the tired, discouraged, soldiers, as they paused from their daily retreat, sat Thomas Paine. He wrote many papers that would have a major effect on the outcome of the quest for independence.
Born the son of a Quaker Laymaker on January 29th, 1737 at Thetford, Norfolk England. He received a basic elementary education, and started to work for his father as an apprentice, and later as an excise officer. He was not a huge success at either, and was in fact fired twice from the job as an excise officer.
When he arrived in Philadelphia on November 30th 1774, he was sick and feverish, and had to be carried on a stretcher. With a letter of recommendation from Ben Franklin, he was accepted into a hospital and given special care, until he recovered. With that same letter from Ben Franklin, he found many doors opened for him, including jobs tutoring many of the sons of the wealthiest men in Philadelphia.
Paine started over again, by publishing African Slavery In America, in the spring of 1775, in which he criticized slavery in America as being unjust and inhumane. At about this same time, he became the co-editor for the Pennsylvania Magazine. When he arrived in Philadelphia, Paine noticed the tension, and the rebellious attitude, that was continually getting larger, after the Boston Tea Party.
In Paine's opinion, the Colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them, and which did not give them the right of representation in the Parliament at Westminster. Then he went one massive step further, he decided there was no reason for the Colonies to stay dependent on England. He published his opinions in the American independence pamphlet Common Sense.
In Common Sense Paine states that sooner or later Independence from England must come, because America had lost touch with the mother country. He felt that the function of government in society was to only be a regulator, and thus pretty simple. His strong beliefs made him a major influence on the Declaration Of Independence.
He joined General Washington in his battle against General Howe in the War of Independence. Where he motivated many downhearted soldiers who needed reassurance. The retreating of General Washington's army was a slow, daily affair. Being an Englishman himself, Paine knew that the British enemy, would not take the Revolutionary Army seriously and was familiar with tactics of the English Army, and could advise the Revolutionary Army of what was to be expected. The English were polite in the way that they did not attack at night. They were slow to rise in the mornings, and early to retire for the evenings.
Their strategy on the battlefield was very formal and exact. The English would march in tight ranks, which was perfect for European battles, but senseless in the New World, where they would easily be taken out by Revolutionary sharpshooters. The bright red military uniforms that they wore looked great, but made them extra easy targets, in the misty New England days.
While under General Washington's command, Paine started work on the first of his American Crisis papers, which were later published between the years of 1776 and 1783 In these papers he wrote of how Americans must be willing to give it their all...
"These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot, will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman."
He also wrote of how the Americans would not win easily, for if they did, they would not respect it with the respect if they had a hard time overcoming it.
"Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered... What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly."
In 1787 Thomas Paine left for England, when the French Revolution broke out. Originally intending to raise money for a bridge he was building, Paine was sidetracked and became deeply involved in the French Revolution. He began publishing The Rights Of Man in which he defended the Revolution and attacked the English monarch. His book was banned in England, naturally, and he was to be arrested, but was not on account he had left for France.
When he returned to America in 1802, under invitation by Thomas Jefferson, he learned that he was considered a hindrance to America, or altogether forgotten. He died on June 8, 1809 in New York City, from dropsy.
Truly Thomas Paine was the Most Loved and Most Hated Man in America. He had motivated the young nation to free itself from a monarchic rule. And was a thorn in the side of England, as they continued to lose their grip of control, on America.
Theodore Roosevlt
T H E O D O R E R O O S E V E L T b y E r i c T h e o d o r e R o o s e v e l t the 26th president of the United States, was born at 33 East 20th Street in New York on October 27, 1858.His father was a man of some wealth and importance in civic affairs. A prosperous family like the Roosevelts had a better than most people in that era. At eight years of age he was sickly and delicate and then his interest in natural-history started at this early age. Through sports and outdoor living, he became rugged and a love of the strenuous life that he never lost. T Through private tutoring and travel he became a very smart boy. In 1876 Theodore entered Harvard college. At Harvard every ha to dress, walk, and have good manners, but Thoedore did do these things. Most students thought him odd. Later years at Harvard were better than the earlier years. He was a member to: Porcelain Club, Institute of 1770, Hasty Pudding Club , Alpha Delta Phi , O.K. Club , Natural History Society , The Harvard Advocate (editor) , Glee Club , and in the Class Committee. After he graduating from Harvard in 1880 , he married Alice Hathaway Lee of Boston. In the same year he entered Columbia University Law School. But historical writing and politics lured him away from a legal career. His yearning for public acknowledge plus the corrupt state of New York led him to join a local Republican Reform Club. In 1881 he was elected to New York assembly where he set out to stop the corruption in both party machines. In 1884 the death of his wife and a defeat in his political career made him retreat to the Dakota Territory. In 1886 he came back to New York. He ran for mayor when he came back.He was third. For the next three years he stayed out of public affairs , and attending to his personal affairs . In those three years he married Edith Kermit Carow and built a home near Oyster Bay, Long Island. He had been appointed to the U.S. Civil Service by President Harrison . His defeats in his political career helped him get this job. A position he held from 1889 to 1895.In 1895 he accepted the presidency of the Board of Police Commissioners in New York City. In this position he called for war with Spain , and occasionally embarrassed his superiors.At the start of the Spanish-American war he readily resigned to join his friend Leonard Wood in organizing the first volunteer Calvary, but widely know as the"Rough Riders" . Later he became the leader of the Rough Riders and led charge up Kettle Hill during the battle of San Juan Hill. His success in the Spanish-American war and the stories in the newspaper he became sort of a national hero . In 1898 , when he came back , he was nominated for governor two weeks after he came back. He won the election and he fulfilled all of his campaign promises . In 1900 he was nominated for vice-president he accepted it in part that he was not sure he would be elected again for governor of New York state . He was bored of the vice-presidency and talked about leaving and going back to law. He became the 26th president of the Untied States when president McKinley was shot by a former campaign worker. At first he said there would be no change in McKinley's polices , but then it was apparent there would be. He was worried about the trusts. He went on a anti-trust campaign and he brought back the Anti-trust Act that had been almost been dead for twelve years. He attacked the heart of these be bringing down the Northern Securities Company in 1904. Helping Panama win there independence from Columbia was a good move for him. They let the U.S. lease the land for the canal. He was the first president to travel off of U.S. soil when he went to oversee the construction of the canal. ne other thing he did while president was to expand the Monroe Doctrine to the Roosevelt Corollary. This law said that we could intervene in any Latin American law He did so that if any of those countries posed a threat we could just invade them and do what we wanted to the government. In 1902 he won the Nobel Peace Prize for bringing the Russians and the Japanese to the Portsmouth Conference. In 1909 after he secured Taft's nomination he left the office . After he left the office he traveled all over the world. He took a ten month hunting trip to North Africa, and made a grand tour of Europe visiting all of the Royal people. After hearing from of his friends he decided to come back to America and go back into politics. The Republican Party already had a nominee ,so he ran on a ticket he made up called the Bull Moose Party. They lost the campaign for president . For two years after he lost the 1912 election he was out of the public eye. He became a supporter of U.S. going into WWI after the sinking of the "Lustinia". In the very close election of 1916 , the Republican lossed and Roosevelt thought his public usefulness was over , because the Republicans lost . In 1919 Theodore Roosevelt died in his sleep that was related to a fever he had gotten in Brazil. "The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt" by Steffan Lorant Encyclopedia Britannica volume 19 902 words
The Significance of Alexander Graham Bell in American History
Alexander Graham Bell is a name of great significance in American history today. A skillful inventor and generous philanthropist, he astounded the world with his intuitive ideas that proved to be both innovative and extremely practical in the latter half of the 19th century. Most notable, of course, are Bell's work in developing the telephone and his venerable life-long endeavor to educate the deaf. Originally, his only wish was to help deaf people overcome their difficulty in learning verbal communication, and later was pushed into researching the possibility of a device that could transmit the human voice electronically over a distance. After building his first working telephone model, Bell's fame spread quickly as people in America and around the world began to realize the awesome potential this wonderfully fascinating new device held in store for society (Brinkley 481). His telephone an instant success and already a burgeoning industry, A. G. Bell decided to turn his attention back to assisting the deaf and following other creative ideas including the development of a metal detector, an electric probe which was used by many surgeons before the X ray was invented, a device having the same purpose as today's iron lung, and also a method of locating icebergs by detecting echoes from them. With his many inventions (especially the insanely popular and universally applied telephone), his efforts to educate the deaf, and the founding and financing of the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (now called the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf), Alexander Graham Bell has become a very important historical figure indeed (Berstein 9).
Perhaps a key factor in Bell's successful life was his invigorating background. His family and his education definitely had a deep influence on his career. Born in Scotland, his mother was a painter and an accomplished musician, his father a teacher of the deaf and speech textbook writer. His father invented "Visible Speech," a code of symbols which indicated the position of the throat, tongue, and lips in making sounds. These symbols helped guide the deaf in learning to speak. His grandfather, also named Alexander Bell, had similarly specialized in good speech. He acted for several years and later gave dramatic readings from Shakespeare. Young Alexander Graham Bell had a great talent for music. He played by ear from infancy, and received a musical education. Later, Bell and his two brothers assisted their father in public demonstrations in Visible Speech, beginning in 1862. He also enrolled as a student-teacher at Weston House, a boys' school, where he taught music and speech in exchange for instructions in other subjects. Bell became a full-time teacher after studying for a year at the University of Edinburgh. He also studied at the University of London and used Visible Speech to teach a class of deaf children. Growing up in a healthy environment where creativity and new ideas were embraced with vigor was to certainly contribute to Alexander Graham Bell's genius later on in life (Winefield 12).
Young Bell carried out in 1866 a series of experiments to determine how vowel sounds are produced. A book, describing experiments in combing the notes of electrically driven tuning forks to make vowel sounds, gave him the idea of "telegraphing" speech, though he had no idea about doing it. However, this was the start of his interest in electricity.
Bell took charge of his father's work while the latter lectured in America in 1968. Bell became his father's partner in London in the following year. He specialized in the anatomy of the vocal apparatus at University College in London at the same time. In 1872, Alexander opened his own school for teachers of the deaf in Boston. The following year, he became a professor at Boston University.
Bell won the friendship of Gardiner Green Hubbard, a Boston attorney at this time. Hubbard's daughter, Mabel, had been left deaf by scarlet fever when she was 4. Hubbard had Bell tutor her and in no time they were in love, although Mabel's first memories of Alexander were not all positive.
I both did not, and did like him. He was so interesting that I was forced to like to listen to him, but he himself I disliked. He dressed carelessly and in a horrible, shiny [hat]-expensive but fashionable-and which made his jet-black hair look shiny. Altogether I did not think him exactly a gentleman (Winefield 17).
Miss Hubbard became Bell's wife in 1877. Another friendship developed when Thomas Sanders, a successful merchant, brought his son to Bell as a private pupil. Both Hubbard and Sanders learned in 1873 of electrical experiments Bell carried on at night and offered to pay the cost.
Bell did not attempt to transmit speech electrically at this time. He tried instead to send several telegraph messages over a single wire at the same time. In 1874, while visiting his father in B
Perhaps a key factor in Bell's successful life was his invigorating background. His family and his education definitely had a deep influence on his career. Born in Scotland, his mother was a painter and an accomplished musician, his father a teacher of the deaf and speech textbook writer. His father invented "Visible Speech," a code of symbols which indicated the position of the throat, tongue, and lips in making sounds. These symbols helped guide the deaf in learning to speak. His grandfather, also named Alexander Bell, had similarly specialized in good speech. He acted for several years and later gave dramatic readings from Shakespeare. Young Alexander Graham Bell had a great talent for music. He played by ear from infancy, and received a musical education. Later, Bell and his two brothers assisted their father in public demonstrations in Visible Speech, beginning in 1862. He also enrolled as a student-teacher at Weston House, a boys' school, where he taught music and speech in exchange for instructions in other subjects. Bell became a full-time teacher after studying for a year at the University of Edinburgh. He also studied at the University of London and used Visible Speech to teach a class of deaf children. Growing up in a healthy environment where creativity and new ideas were embraced with vigor was to certainly contribute to Alexander Graham Bell's genius later on in life (Winefield 12).
Young Bell carried out in 1866 a series of experiments to determine how vowel sounds are produced. A book, describing experiments in combing the notes of electrically driven tuning forks to make vowel sounds, gave him the idea of "telegraphing" speech, though he had no idea about doing it. However, this was the start of his interest in electricity.
Bell took charge of his father's work while the latter lectured in America in 1968. Bell became his father's partner in London in the following year. He specialized in the anatomy of the vocal apparatus at University College in London at the same time. In 1872, Alexander opened his own school for teachers of the deaf in Boston. The following year, he became a professor at Boston University.
Bell won the friendship of Gardiner Green Hubbard, a Boston attorney at this time. Hubbard's daughter, Mabel, had been left deaf by scarlet fever when she was 4. Hubbard had Bell tutor her and in no time they were in love, although Mabel's first memories of Alexander were not all positive.
I both did not, and did like him. He was so interesting that I was forced to like to listen to him, but he himself I disliked. He dressed carelessly and in a horrible, shiny [hat]-expensive but fashionable-and which made his jet-black hair look shiny. Altogether I did not think him exactly a gentleman (Winefield 17).
Miss Hubbard became Bell's wife in 1877. Another friendship developed when Thomas Sanders, a successful merchant, brought his son to Bell as a private pupil. Both Hubbard and Sanders learned in 1873 of electrical experiments Bell carried on at night and offered to pay the cost.
Bell did not attempt to transmit speech electrically at this time. He tried instead to send several telegraph messages over a single wire at the same time. In 1874, while visiting his father in B
The Ride
The Ride
It was a beautiful day and definitely not forewarning of the events that would change my life. The warm Las Vegas sun was shining brightly in the blue and cloudless sky. A light breeze cooled the warm air just enough to stop the body from sweating. The breeze was clean and crisp that blew along with the scent of a spring day. The only noise was the roar of the engine as I twisted the throttle and accelerated through the twisted roads near my home. As everything raced by me, I felt a rush of adrenaline, then the fateful turn approached. I had taken the turn a hundred times before but today it would change my life. Around the turn would be my motorcycle accident that would cause me to take life much more seriously.
Before the accident my lifestyle was very fast paced. I spent almost all of my time with my friends going out to parties every night. My life was in control without any abusive habits, it was just fast paced and fun times with friends. Never being at home added to an already stressful family environment. My high school education suffered from too much fun and too little studying. My father made being at home a very uneasy feeling, making me want to stay away even more. He never took any time to help me with school, car or money. I always had to work to earn everything, the only thing I wasn't paying for was rent. In turn I wanted little to do with my father, stepmother or brother, never contributing or helping out. I even stopped going with them on vacations. The feelings I had were that I just wanted to be alone by myself, independent.
For four months after the accident I was unable to do anything that I had previously done in the normal routine of my life. With a full leg and hand cast I spent almost all my time during the four months recovering on the couch in the living room. I finished my junior year of high school at my bedroom desk. During this period I developed a lot of patience from the slow healing process of my bones. I also spent a great deal of time thinking, assessing, and contemplating my life and my future. Some of my thoughts were "What was I doing with my life?", "Where was I headed?", "What was in my future for myself?", "What did I want to do with my life?", "How my family life was affecting me?", and many other personal issues dealing with my personality. While I was contemplating I realized that my life had no focus or direction. After several mentally stressful and depressive months, my life came into focus. After visiting my mom in Sacramento for a week, I realized living with my father was very negative for me. During that week I was totally happy and more than willing to try to help out around the house, even though I still wore a brace on my leg. Being treated differently with love and as a young adult, not a child, made all the difference. It was a very tough decision to move to Sacramento during my Senior year of high school and leave all my friends behind, but I could no longer live with my father.
After moving to Sacramento, to live with my mother, I gained positive direction. Traveling in that same direction I have developed my future and career. Now I have a positive family life, which I have learned to value very much. Also I have slowly developed a better relationship with my father. I often go back to Las Vegas to visit my friends and my family. I still go out with my friends and have a good time. We still have a wild time, but not all of the time. We have all matured and found purpose and balance in our lives. I had no idea this event would dramatically change my life, my future, the way I think, and the events to come into my life. I am not certain that it was for the best or the worst, because I do not know what events would have followed if I did not drive around that turn.
One thing for certain I would not be here in Sacramento, where I have a great life and have developed a promising successful career. I might still be riding through those corners in Las Vegas, living fast and carefree. Perhaps that turn put my life in the right direction. I know now that I have a greater appreciation for life and I have learned what the more important aspects of one's life are. I attribute most of the changes in my attitude and my accomplishments to my mom. She has always been there for me with unconditional love and positive support of me as a person. My accident and the events that followed changed me. I now take life more serious and know that having a family that cares about you and loves you is the most valuable asset one can possess.
It was a beautiful day and definitely not forewarning of the events that would change my life. The warm Las Vegas sun was shining brightly in the blue and cloudless sky. A light breeze cooled the warm air just enough to stop the body from sweating. The breeze was clean and crisp that blew along with the scent of a spring day. The only noise was the roar of the engine as I twisted the throttle and accelerated through the twisted roads near my home. As everything raced by me, I felt a rush of adrenaline, then the fateful turn approached. I had taken the turn a hundred times before but today it would change my life. Around the turn would be my motorcycle accident that would cause me to take life much more seriously.
Before the accident my lifestyle was very fast paced. I spent almost all of my time with my friends going out to parties every night. My life was in control without any abusive habits, it was just fast paced and fun times with friends. Never being at home added to an already stressful family environment. My high school education suffered from too much fun and too little studying. My father made being at home a very uneasy feeling, making me want to stay away even more. He never took any time to help me with school, car or money. I always had to work to earn everything, the only thing I wasn't paying for was rent. In turn I wanted little to do with my father, stepmother or brother, never contributing or helping out. I even stopped going with them on vacations. The feelings I had were that I just wanted to be alone by myself, independent.
For four months after the accident I was unable to do anything that I had previously done in the normal routine of my life. With a full leg and hand cast I spent almost all my time during the four months recovering on the couch in the living room. I finished my junior year of high school at my bedroom desk. During this period I developed a lot of patience from the slow healing process of my bones. I also spent a great deal of time thinking, assessing, and contemplating my life and my future. Some of my thoughts were "What was I doing with my life?", "Where was I headed?", "What was in my future for myself?", "What did I want to do with my life?", "How my family life was affecting me?", and many other personal issues dealing with my personality. While I was contemplating I realized that my life had no focus or direction. After several mentally stressful and depressive months, my life came into focus. After visiting my mom in Sacramento for a week, I realized living with my father was very negative for me. During that week I was totally happy and more than willing to try to help out around the house, even though I still wore a brace on my leg. Being treated differently with love and as a young adult, not a child, made all the difference. It was a very tough decision to move to Sacramento during my Senior year of high school and leave all my friends behind, but I could no longer live with my father.
After moving to Sacramento, to live with my mother, I gained positive direction. Traveling in that same direction I have developed my future and career. Now I have a positive family life, which I have learned to value very much. Also I have slowly developed a better relationship with my father. I often go back to Las Vegas to visit my friends and my family. I still go out with my friends and have a good time. We still have a wild time, but not all of the time. We have all matured and found purpose and balance in our lives. I had no idea this event would dramatically change my life, my future, the way I think, and the events to come into my life. I am not certain that it was for the best or the worst, because I do not know what events would have followed if I did not drive around that turn.
One thing for certain I would not be here in Sacramento, where I have a great life and have developed a promising successful career. I might still be riding through those corners in Las Vegas, living fast and carefree. Perhaps that turn put my life in the right direction. I know now that I have a greater appreciation for life and I have learned what the more important aspects of one's life are. I attribute most of the changes in my attitude and my accomplishments to my mom. She has always been there for me with unconditional love and positive support of me as a person. My accident and the events that followed changed me. I now take life more serious and know that having a family that cares about you and loves you is the most valuable asset one can possess.
The Gates Bill
When one thinks of computer software, one must think of Microsoft. In fact if you use a computer, chances are that you will have some type of program on there that is developed by Microsoft. The CEO, chairman, cofounder, and owner of 147 billion shares of Microsoft is Bill Gates.
William Henry Gates III was born in the midst of a scenic Seattle on Thursday, October 28, 1995 to his parents Mary and William Henry Gates Jr. His childhood was uneventful and was well raised. He went to Sunday school at the Congregational church and sang in the choir. He was a Boy Scout but never showed interest for either of these activities. Gates was an unusual child who spent long periods in his room in deep thought. He loved science and showed great skill in the area of math. In fact he scored a perfect on the math section of the SAT. His high school English teacher Anne Stephens was amazed at Gates' memory. She commented on how Gates had remembered a 3-page soliloquy for a school play in one reading. He read often, tried to take up the trombone, had no interest in philosophy but rather thought of himself as a "scientist." His science teacher, William Dougall, remembers if the teacher wasn't going fast enough, "Bill always seemed on the verge of saying, 'But that's obvious.'" Gates once said to a teacher that some day he would be a millionaire. A grossly underestimated statement. Today Gates is one of the richest men in the world.
In the fall of 1968, Bill Gates was entering the 8th grade at lakeside School, and his best friend Paul Allen, entered the 10th grade. Lakeside invested $3,000 into a Teletype machine which could connect to the business computer via a phone line. When the computer courses began in January 1969, both Gates and Allen discovered their passion for programming. Since very few teachers knew anything about computers, the boys taught themselves with every manual they could get their hands on. Some days both would cut gym to gain extra time on the terminal. Gates first program was a ticktacktoe game. Gates and Allen would soon be restricted to time on the terminal because the school's electric bill was ever increasing.
In a long series of mishaps Gates and Allen would soon be programming away at Lakeside. The math teacher that had been assigned to do class scheduling, manually, died in an airplane accident. Gates and Allen were offered $2,400 worth of computer time in exchange for a class scheduling program. The boys (Gates now 16 and Allen already graduating high school) worked day and night. Gates soon found out that he could put himself in an all girls classes in every period.
Soon Gates and Allen would found a company called Traf-O-Data. The two made a program that would regulate traffic data generated by the gray boxes on Seattle streets. After entering Harvard with a major in law, Gates and Allen contemplated the idea of starting a company. Their vision soon expanded into the multi-billion dollar empire.
"Gates is to the software what Edison was to the light bulb- part innovator, part entrepreneur, part salesman and full-time genius." Gates is the "Edison" of software. If it wasn't for him we wouldn't have Windows 95, Winword, Microsoft Internet Explorer, or countless others. In August, 24, 1995, Microsoft announces the availability of Microsoft Windows 95, worldwide. This new operating system would change the world's view of computers drastically. The computer would become a toy and using it would be much easier than before. Four days after the release, Microsoft announces that it estimates that more than 1 million copies of Microsoft Windows 95 were obtained by customers at retail stores in North America. By October, 17, 1995, 7 million copies were purchased. That means at least 7 million people were becoming more computer literate.
Although the practices of Microsoft have been investigated by the Justice Department for monopolistic practices, it has been the leading company for new ventures. On November 20, 1995, Microsoft announced that MSN: The Microsoft Network, has enrolled more than 525,000 members in its first three months of service. With the majority of members using
MSN's full Internet access, this makes it one of the largest Internet service providers. With this development, half a million people were connect on-line and into the new era of computers. Recently Microsoft as tried to eliminate Netscape, the leading developer of Internet exploration tools. I do not believe in this move that Microsoft is trying to implement because smaller companies might have a fresh outlook on the world than the weathered Microsoft.
I consider Bill Gates a genius. I don't believe in his companies practices like eating small software companies for lunch, but I do believe that it has effected society as a whole. Gates' vision of "A personal computer on every desk, in every home" was the foundation of Microsoft and I believe should be the foundation of the future. I predict that Microsoft will be the leading software developer going into the 21st century. I believe by the year 2005, that there will be a computer in every house and that Microsoft software will be running on that computer.
With Gates' leadership, Microsoft is on a mission is to continually advance and improve software technology and they make it easier and more enjoyable for people to use software. That is The Gates Bill.
Bibliography
1. Microsoft History, Microsoft, http://library.microsoft.com/msinfo/mshist/histdoc.htm?
2. William H. Gates: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Microsoft http://www.microsoft.com/corpinfo/bill-g.htm
3. Ichbiah, Daniel and Knepper, Susan L.. The making of Microsoft: How Bill Gates and His Team Created the World's Most Successful Software Company. Rockline, CA: Prima Publishing.
William Henry Gates III was born in the midst of a scenic Seattle on Thursday, October 28, 1995 to his parents Mary and William Henry Gates Jr. His childhood was uneventful and was well raised. He went to Sunday school at the Congregational church and sang in the choir. He was a Boy Scout but never showed interest for either of these activities. Gates was an unusual child who spent long periods in his room in deep thought. He loved science and showed great skill in the area of math. In fact he scored a perfect on the math section of the SAT. His high school English teacher Anne Stephens was amazed at Gates' memory. She commented on how Gates had remembered a 3-page soliloquy for a school play in one reading. He read often, tried to take up the trombone, had no interest in philosophy but rather thought of himself as a "scientist." His science teacher, William Dougall, remembers if the teacher wasn't going fast enough, "Bill always seemed on the verge of saying, 'But that's obvious.'" Gates once said to a teacher that some day he would be a millionaire. A grossly underestimated statement. Today Gates is one of the richest men in the world.
In the fall of 1968, Bill Gates was entering the 8th grade at lakeside School, and his best friend Paul Allen, entered the 10th grade. Lakeside invested $3,000 into a Teletype machine which could connect to the business computer via a phone line. When the computer courses began in January 1969, both Gates and Allen discovered their passion for programming. Since very few teachers knew anything about computers, the boys taught themselves with every manual they could get their hands on. Some days both would cut gym to gain extra time on the terminal. Gates first program was a ticktacktoe game. Gates and Allen would soon be restricted to time on the terminal because the school's electric bill was ever increasing.
In a long series of mishaps Gates and Allen would soon be programming away at Lakeside. The math teacher that had been assigned to do class scheduling, manually, died in an airplane accident. Gates and Allen were offered $2,400 worth of computer time in exchange for a class scheduling program. The boys (Gates now 16 and Allen already graduating high school) worked day and night. Gates soon found out that he could put himself in an all girls classes in every period.
Soon Gates and Allen would found a company called Traf-O-Data. The two made a program that would regulate traffic data generated by the gray boxes on Seattle streets. After entering Harvard with a major in law, Gates and Allen contemplated the idea of starting a company. Their vision soon expanded into the multi-billion dollar empire.
"Gates is to the software what Edison was to the light bulb- part innovator, part entrepreneur, part salesman and full-time genius." Gates is the "Edison" of software. If it wasn't for him we wouldn't have Windows 95, Winword, Microsoft Internet Explorer, or countless others. In August, 24, 1995, Microsoft announces the availability of Microsoft Windows 95, worldwide. This new operating system would change the world's view of computers drastically. The computer would become a toy and using it would be much easier than before. Four days after the release, Microsoft announces that it estimates that more than 1 million copies of Microsoft Windows 95 were obtained by customers at retail stores in North America. By October, 17, 1995, 7 million copies were purchased. That means at least 7 million people were becoming more computer literate.
Although the practices of Microsoft have been investigated by the Justice Department for monopolistic practices, it has been the leading company for new ventures. On November 20, 1995, Microsoft announced that MSN: The Microsoft Network, has enrolled more than 525,000 members in its first three months of service. With the majority of members using
MSN's full Internet access, this makes it one of the largest Internet service providers. With this development, half a million people were connect on-line and into the new era of computers. Recently Microsoft as tried to eliminate Netscape, the leading developer of Internet exploration tools. I do not believe in this move that Microsoft is trying to implement because smaller companies might have a fresh outlook on the world than the weathered Microsoft.
I consider Bill Gates a genius. I don't believe in his companies practices like eating small software companies for lunch, but I do believe that it has effected society as a whole. Gates' vision of "A personal computer on every desk, in every home" was the foundation of Microsoft and I believe should be the foundation of the future. I predict that Microsoft will be the leading software developer going into the 21st century. I believe by the year 2005, that there will be a computer in every house and that Microsoft software will be running on that computer.
With Gates' leadership, Microsoft is on a mission is to continually advance and improve software technology and they make it easier and more enjoyable for people to use software. That is The Gates Bill.
Bibliography
1. Microsoft History, Microsoft, http://library.microsoft.com/msinfo/mshist/histdoc.htm?
2. William H. Gates: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Microsoft http://www.microsoft.com/corpinfo/bill-g.htm
3. Ichbiah, Daniel and Knepper, Susan L.. The making of Microsoft: How Bill Gates and His Team Created the World's Most Successful Software Company. Rockline, CA: Prima Publishing.
Sylvia Plath
The Life of Sylvia Plath
Sylvia Plath¹s life, like her manic depression, constantly jumped between Heaven and Hell. Her seemingly perfect exterior hid a turbulent and deeply troubled spirit. A closer look at her childhood and personal experiences removes some element of mystery from her writings.
One central character to Sylvia Plath¹s poems is her father, Professor Otto Emile Plath. Otto Plath was diabetic and refused to stay away from foods restricted by his doctor. As a result , he developed a sore on his left foot. Professor Plath ignored the sore, and eventually the foot was overcome with gangrene. The foot and then the entire left leg were amputated in an effort to save his life, but he died in November of 1940, when Sylvia was just eight years old.
The fact that her father could have prevented his death left Sylvia Plath with a feeling of deliberate betrayal. Instead of reaching out to other people for comfort, she isolated herself with writing as her only expressive outlet, and remarkably had a poem published when she was only eight.
Plath continued prolific writing through high school and won a scholarship to Smith College in 1950 where she met her friend Anne Sexton. Sexton often joined Plath for martinis at the Ritz where they shared poetry and intellectualized discussions about death. Although they were friends, there was also an element of competition between Sexton and Plath. Sylvia Plath¹s poem ³Daddy² was possibly a response to Anne Sexton¹s ³My Friend, My Friend.² It was as if Plath was commenting that her writing skills were just a bit better than Sexton¹s. Sexton frequently would express to Robert Lowell in his poetry class her dissatisfaction with Plath¹s writing. She said that Plath ³dodges the point in her poetry and hadn¹t yet found the form that belonged to her.² The competitive nature of their relationship continued to the very end.
To all appearences, Plath appeared normal, her social life similar to other middle class coeds.Many were attracted to Plath¹s brilliant mind, but few were aware of the inner torment that drove her to write, alienating her from the rest of society.
Madamoiselle magazine awarded Plath a position as guest editor the summer following her junior year at Smith. Friends and family were stunned at her suicide attempt when she returned to college, most believing she had suffered a nervous breakdown due to the stress at the magazine. Her treatment was considered the best the medical world could offer and included electro-shock and psychotherapies. Plath tells her side of the story in the poem Lady Lazarus where she likens her experience to a victim of the Holocaust. But her apparent recovery enabled her to return to graduate summa cum laude the following year.
Ted Hughes met and fell in love with the writer while she continued her studies at Cambridge on a Fulbright grant. Hughes was also a student at Cambridge, and a fellow poet. The couple married four years later, and after a short stay in the States, returned to England. After returning to London, Plath¹s first book of poetry, Colossus, was published in 1960. Plath¹s best known work, The Bell Jar was published following the birth of their second child.( Ted Hughes, 52-66) The novel is semi-autobiographical, describing a young woman¹s tragic coming of age. The central character, a schoolgirl prodigy, Esther Greenwood, makes her way to adulthood in spite of periodic mental breakdowns. The Bell Jar is particularly poignant when Esther desrcibes her madness as ³ ...a bell jar, stifling and airless that descends without warning...²
Not long after the publication of The Bell Jar in1963, Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath split up. Plath was left caring for two children in a low-income area of London during one of the coldest Novembers in centuries. She worked between four and eight in the morning. Apparently being inspired by hardship, Plath sometimes finished a poem every day. In her last poems, death is given a cruel and physical allure and pain becomes tangiible. Leaving some food and milk at the kitchen table for her children, she gassed herself to death. Ironically, the woman Ted Hughes left Sylvia Plath for another woman that would commit suicide by gas.
Posthumous Publications include : Ariel, published in 1965, inspired a cult following. The poems were less uniform and more emotional than those published in Colossus. Other volumes are :Crossing the Water ( 1971) , Winter Trees (1971) , Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (1977) , and The Collected Poems (1981) , which was edited by Ted Hughes.
At the funeral of Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton said in a eulogy that she and Plath had ³ talked death with burned-up intensity, both of us drawn to it like moths to an electric light bulb.²
Ever since the 1700¹s, suicide has been thought of, in some circles, a romantic way to die ( i.e. Romeo and Juliet). Some individuals also think that to take your own life will add to your artistic reputation.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe¹s novel The Sorrows of Weather suggested that suicide is accepted from those with artistic temperament because artists are supposedly more prone to drug use, isolation, suicide, etc...
Every trip to the triumphant high points of Sylvia Plath¹s life was followed by a long stay in the bowels of Hell. Hell for Sylvia Plath was her own fantasy playground that was demolished at a young and tender age. Maybe if her gift were better known when she was alive, her life would have been more fulfilling, but at least she is now at peace.
Works Cited
Hughes, Ted, and Fredrick McCullough. The Journals Of Sylvia Plath. London: Simon and Schuster, 1983.
Butscher, Edward. Sylvia Plath : Method and Madness. New York: The Seabury Press, 1976.
³ The Bell Jar ³. Grolier¹s Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995.
³ Suicide ³. Grolier¹s Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995.
Gilson, William.Sylvia Plath Bio. http://home.interlynx.net/~hecate/pbio.html
Sylvia Plath¹s life, like her manic depression, constantly jumped between Heaven and Hell. Her seemingly perfect exterior hid a turbulent and deeply troubled spirit. A closer look at her childhood and personal experiences removes some element of mystery from her writings.
One central character to Sylvia Plath¹s poems is her father, Professor Otto Emile Plath. Otto Plath was diabetic and refused to stay away from foods restricted by his doctor. As a result , he developed a sore on his left foot. Professor Plath ignored the sore, and eventually the foot was overcome with gangrene. The foot and then the entire left leg were amputated in an effort to save his life, but he died in November of 1940, when Sylvia was just eight years old.
The fact that her father could have prevented his death left Sylvia Plath with a feeling of deliberate betrayal. Instead of reaching out to other people for comfort, she isolated herself with writing as her only expressive outlet, and remarkably had a poem published when she was only eight.
Plath continued prolific writing through high school and won a scholarship to Smith College in 1950 where she met her friend Anne Sexton. Sexton often joined Plath for martinis at the Ritz where they shared poetry and intellectualized discussions about death. Although they were friends, there was also an element of competition between Sexton and Plath. Sylvia Plath¹s poem ³Daddy² was possibly a response to Anne Sexton¹s ³My Friend, My Friend.² It was as if Plath was commenting that her writing skills were just a bit better than Sexton¹s. Sexton frequently would express to Robert Lowell in his poetry class her dissatisfaction with Plath¹s writing. She said that Plath ³dodges the point in her poetry and hadn¹t yet found the form that belonged to her.² The competitive nature of their relationship continued to the very end.
To all appearences, Plath appeared normal, her social life similar to other middle class coeds.Many were attracted to Plath¹s brilliant mind, but few were aware of the inner torment that drove her to write, alienating her from the rest of society.
Madamoiselle magazine awarded Plath a position as guest editor the summer following her junior year at Smith. Friends and family were stunned at her suicide attempt when she returned to college, most believing she had suffered a nervous breakdown due to the stress at the magazine. Her treatment was considered the best the medical world could offer and included electro-shock and psychotherapies. Plath tells her side of the story in the poem Lady Lazarus where she likens her experience to a victim of the Holocaust. But her apparent recovery enabled her to return to graduate summa cum laude the following year.
Ted Hughes met and fell in love with the writer while she continued her studies at Cambridge on a Fulbright grant. Hughes was also a student at Cambridge, and a fellow poet. The couple married four years later, and after a short stay in the States, returned to England. After returning to London, Plath¹s first book of poetry, Colossus, was published in 1960. Plath¹s best known work, The Bell Jar was published following the birth of their second child.( Ted Hughes, 52-66) The novel is semi-autobiographical, describing a young woman¹s tragic coming of age. The central character, a schoolgirl prodigy, Esther Greenwood, makes her way to adulthood in spite of periodic mental breakdowns. The Bell Jar is particularly poignant when Esther desrcibes her madness as ³ ...a bell jar, stifling and airless that descends without warning...²
Not long after the publication of The Bell Jar in1963, Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath split up. Plath was left caring for two children in a low-income area of London during one of the coldest Novembers in centuries. She worked between four and eight in the morning. Apparently being inspired by hardship, Plath sometimes finished a poem every day. In her last poems, death is given a cruel and physical allure and pain becomes tangiible. Leaving some food and milk at the kitchen table for her children, she gassed herself to death. Ironically, the woman Ted Hughes left Sylvia Plath for another woman that would commit suicide by gas.
Posthumous Publications include : Ariel, published in 1965, inspired a cult following. The poems were less uniform and more emotional than those published in Colossus. Other volumes are :Crossing the Water ( 1971) , Winter Trees (1971) , Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (1977) , and The Collected Poems (1981) , which was edited by Ted Hughes.
At the funeral of Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton said in a eulogy that she and Plath had ³ talked death with burned-up intensity, both of us drawn to it like moths to an electric light bulb.²
Ever since the 1700¹s, suicide has been thought of, in some circles, a romantic way to die ( i.e. Romeo and Juliet). Some individuals also think that to take your own life will add to your artistic reputation.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe¹s novel The Sorrows of Weather suggested that suicide is accepted from those with artistic temperament because artists are supposedly more prone to drug use, isolation, suicide, etc...
Every trip to the triumphant high points of Sylvia Plath¹s life was followed by a long stay in the bowels of Hell. Hell for Sylvia Plath was her own fantasy playground that was demolished at a young and tender age. Maybe if her gift were better known when she was alive, her life would have been more fulfilling, but at least she is now at peace.
Works Cited
Hughes, Ted, and Fredrick McCullough. The Journals Of Sylvia Plath. London: Simon and Schuster, 1983.
Butscher, Edward. Sylvia Plath : Method and Madness. New York: The Seabury Press, 1976.
³ The Bell Jar ³. Grolier¹s Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995.
³ Suicide ³. Grolier¹s Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995.
Gilson, William.Sylvia Plath Bio. http://home.interlynx.net/~hecate/pbio.html
Sylvia Plath 4
The Life of Sylvia Plath
Sylvia Plath¹s life, like her manic depression, constantly jumped between Heaven and Hell. Her seemingly perfect exterior hid a turbulent and deeply troubled spirit. A closer look at her childhood and personal experiences removes some element of mystery from her writings.
One central character to Sylvia Plath¹s poems is her father, Professor Otto Emile Plath. Otto Plath was diabetic and refused to stay away from foods restricted by his doctor. As a result , he developed a sore on his left foot. Professor Plath ignored the sore, and eventually the foot was overcome with gangrene. The foot and then the entire left leg were amputated in an effort to save his life, but he died in November of 1940, when Sylvia was just eight years old.
The fact that her father could have prevented his death left Sylvia Plath with a feeling of deliberate betrayal. Instead of reaching out to other people for comfort, she isolated herself with writing as her only expressive outlet, and remarkably had a poem published when she was only eight.
Plath continued prolific writing through high school and won a scholarship to Smith College in 1950 where she met her friend Anne Sexton. Sexton often joined Plath for martinis at the Ritz where they shared poetry and intellectualized discussions about death. Although they were friends, there was also an element of competition between Sexton and Plath. Sylvia Plath¹s poem ³Daddy² was possibly a response to Anne Sexton¹s ³My Friend, My Friend.² It was as if Plath was commenting that her writing skills were just a bit better than Sexton¹s. Sexton frequently would express to Robert Lowell in his poetry class her dissatisfaction with Plath¹s writing. She said that Plath ³dodges the point in her poetry and hadn¹t yet found the form that belonged to her.² The competitive nature of their relationship continued to the very end.
To all appearences, Plath appeared normal, her social life similar to other middle class coeds.Many were attracted to Plath¹s brilliant mind, but few were aware of the inner torment that drove her to write, alienating her from the rest of society.
Madamoiselle magazine awarded Plath a position as guest editor the summer following her junior year at Smith. Friends and family were stunned at her suicide attempt when she returned to college, most believing she had suffered a nervous breakdown due to the stress at the magazine. Her treatment was considered the best the medical world could offer and included electro-shock and psychotherapies. Plath tells her side of the story in the poem Lady Lazarus where she likens her experience to a victim of the Holocaust. But her apparent recovery enabled her to return to graduate summa cum laude the following year.
Ted Hughes met and fell in love with the writer while she continued her studies at Cambridge on a Fulbright grant. Hughes was also a student at Cambridge, and a fellow poet. The couple married four years later, and after a short stay in the States, returned to England. After returning to London, Plath¹s first book of poetry, Colossus, was published in 1960. Plath¹s best known work, The Bell Jar was published following the birth of their second child.( Ted Hughes, 52-66) The novel is semi-autobiographical, describing a young woman¹s tragic coming of age. The central character, a schoolgirl prodigy, Esther Greenwood, makes her way to adulthood in spite of periodic mental breakdowns. The Bell Jar is particularly poignant when Esther desrcibes her madness as ³ ...a bell jar, stifling and airless that descends without warning...²
Not long after the publication of The Bell Jar in1963, Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath split up. Plath was left caring for two children in a low-income area of London during one of the coldest Novembers in centuries. She worked between four and eight in the morning. Apparently being inspired by hardship, Plath sometimes finished a poem every day. In her last poems, death is given a cruel and physical allure and pain becomes tangiible. Leaving some food and milk at the kitchen table for her children, she gassed herself to death. Ironically, the woman Ted Hughes left Sylvia Plath for another woman that would commit suicide by gas.
Posthumous Publications include : Ariel, published in 1965, inspired a cult following. The poems were less uniform and more emotional than those published in Colossus. Other volumes are :Crossing the Water ( 1971) , Winter Trees (1971) , Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (1977) , and The Collected Poems (1981) , which was edited by Ted Hughes.
At the funeral of Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton said in a eulogy that she and Plath had ³ talked death with burned-up intensity, both of us drawn to it like moths to an electric light bulb.²
Ever since the 1700¹s, suicide has been thought of, in some circles, a romantic way to die ( i.e. Romeo and Juliet). Some individuals also think that to take your own life will add to your artistic reputation.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe¹s novel The Sorrows of Weather suggested that suicide is accepted from those with artistic temperament because artists are supposedly more prone to drug use, isolation, suicide, etc...
Every trip to the triumphant high points of Sylvia Plath¹s life was followed by a long stay in the bowels of Hell. Hell for Sylvia Plath was her own fantasy playground that was demolished at a young and tender age. Maybe if her gift were better known when she was alive, her life would have been more fulfilling, but at least she is now at peace.
Works Cited
Hughes, Ted, and Fredrick McCullough. The Journals Of Sylvia Plath. London: Simon and Schuster, 1983.
Butscher, Edward. Sylvia Plath : Method and Madness. New York: The Seabury Press, 1976.
³ The Bell Jar ³. Grolier¹s Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995.
³ Suicide ³. Grolier¹s Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995.
Gilson, William.Sylvia Plath Bio. http://home.interlynx.net/~hecate/pbio.html
Sylvia Plath¹s life, like her manic depression, constantly jumped between Heaven and Hell. Her seemingly perfect exterior hid a turbulent and deeply troubled spirit. A closer look at her childhood and personal experiences removes some element of mystery from her writings.
One central character to Sylvia Plath¹s poems is her father, Professor Otto Emile Plath. Otto Plath was diabetic and refused to stay away from foods restricted by his doctor. As a result , he developed a sore on his left foot. Professor Plath ignored the sore, and eventually the foot was overcome with gangrene. The foot and then the entire left leg were amputated in an effort to save his life, but he died in November of 1940, when Sylvia was just eight years old.
The fact that her father could have prevented his death left Sylvia Plath with a feeling of deliberate betrayal. Instead of reaching out to other people for comfort, she isolated herself with writing as her only expressive outlet, and remarkably had a poem published when she was only eight.
Plath continued prolific writing through high school and won a scholarship to Smith College in 1950 where she met her friend Anne Sexton. Sexton often joined Plath for martinis at the Ritz where they shared poetry and intellectualized discussions about death. Although they were friends, there was also an element of competition between Sexton and Plath. Sylvia Plath¹s poem ³Daddy² was possibly a response to Anne Sexton¹s ³My Friend, My Friend.² It was as if Plath was commenting that her writing skills were just a bit better than Sexton¹s. Sexton frequently would express to Robert Lowell in his poetry class her dissatisfaction with Plath¹s writing. She said that Plath ³dodges the point in her poetry and hadn¹t yet found the form that belonged to her.² The competitive nature of their relationship continued to the very end.
To all appearences, Plath appeared normal, her social life similar to other middle class coeds.Many were attracted to Plath¹s brilliant mind, but few were aware of the inner torment that drove her to write, alienating her from the rest of society.
Madamoiselle magazine awarded Plath a position as guest editor the summer following her junior year at Smith. Friends and family were stunned at her suicide attempt when she returned to college, most believing she had suffered a nervous breakdown due to the stress at the magazine. Her treatment was considered the best the medical world could offer and included electro-shock and psychotherapies. Plath tells her side of the story in the poem Lady Lazarus where she likens her experience to a victim of the Holocaust. But her apparent recovery enabled her to return to graduate summa cum laude the following year.
Ted Hughes met and fell in love with the writer while she continued her studies at Cambridge on a Fulbright grant. Hughes was also a student at Cambridge, and a fellow poet. The couple married four years later, and after a short stay in the States, returned to England. After returning to London, Plath¹s first book of poetry, Colossus, was published in 1960. Plath¹s best known work, The Bell Jar was published following the birth of their second child.( Ted Hughes, 52-66) The novel is semi-autobiographical, describing a young woman¹s tragic coming of age. The central character, a schoolgirl prodigy, Esther Greenwood, makes her way to adulthood in spite of periodic mental breakdowns. The Bell Jar is particularly poignant when Esther desrcibes her madness as ³ ...a bell jar, stifling and airless that descends without warning...²
Not long after the publication of The Bell Jar in1963, Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath split up. Plath was left caring for two children in a low-income area of London during one of the coldest Novembers in centuries. She worked between four and eight in the morning. Apparently being inspired by hardship, Plath sometimes finished a poem every day. In her last poems, death is given a cruel and physical allure and pain becomes tangiible. Leaving some food and milk at the kitchen table for her children, she gassed herself to death. Ironically, the woman Ted Hughes left Sylvia Plath for another woman that would commit suicide by gas.
Posthumous Publications include : Ariel, published in 1965, inspired a cult following. The poems were less uniform and more emotional than those published in Colossus. Other volumes are :Crossing the Water ( 1971) , Winter Trees (1971) , Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (1977) , and The Collected Poems (1981) , which was edited by Ted Hughes.
At the funeral of Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton said in a eulogy that she and Plath had ³ talked death with burned-up intensity, both of us drawn to it like moths to an electric light bulb.²
Ever since the 1700¹s, suicide has been thought of, in some circles, a romantic way to die ( i.e. Romeo and Juliet). Some individuals also think that to take your own life will add to your artistic reputation.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe¹s novel The Sorrows of Weather suggested that suicide is accepted from those with artistic temperament because artists are supposedly more prone to drug use, isolation, suicide, etc...
Every trip to the triumphant high points of Sylvia Plath¹s life was followed by a long stay in the bowels of Hell. Hell for Sylvia Plath was her own fantasy playground that was demolished at a young and tender age. Maybe if her gift were better known when she was alive, her life would have been more fulfilling, but at least she is now at peace.
Works Cited
Hughes, Ted, and Fredrick McCullough. The Journals Of Sylvia Plath. London: Simon and Schuster, 1983.
Butscher, Edward. Sylvia Plath : Method and Madness. New York: The Seabury Press, 1976.
³ The Bell Jar ³. Grolier¹s Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995.
³ Suicide ³. Grolier¹s Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995.
Gilson, William.Sylvia Plath Bio. http://home.interlynx.net/~hecate/pbio.html
sir icaac newton
SIR ISAAC NEWTON
Newton was born on December 25,1642. He was an English
mathematician and physicist, considered one of the greatest
scientist in history, who made important contributions to many
fields of science. His discoveries and theories laid the
foundation for much of the progress in science since his time.
Newton was one of the inventors of the branch of mathematics
called Calculus. He also solved the mysteries of light and
optics. Formulated the three laws of motions, and derived from
them the law of universal gravitation.
Newton's birth place was at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in
Linclonshire. Where he lived with his widowed mother, Until
around his third birthday. At this time his mother remarried,
leaving him in the care of his Grandmother and sent to grammar
school in Grantham. Later, in the Summer of 1661, he was sent to
Trinity Collage, at the University of Cambridge. Newton received
his bachelors degree in 1665. After an intermission of nearly two
years to avoid the plague, Newton returned to Trinity, Which
elected him to a fellowship in 1667. He received his master
degree in 1668. Newton ignored much of the established curriculum
of the University to pursue his own interests: mathematics and
natural philosophy.
By joining them in what he called the Fluxional method,
Newton developed in the autumn of 1666 a kind of mathematics that
is now known as calculus. Was a new and powerful method that
carried modern mathematics above the level of Greek geometry.
Although Newton was its inventor, he did not introduce calculus
into European Mathematics.
Always Fearful of publication and Criticism. Newton kept his
Discovery to himself. However, enough was known of his abilities
to effect his appointment in 1669as a Luciasian Professor of
Mathematics at the University of Cambbridge.
Optics was another area of Newton's early interests. In
trying at explain now colors occur, he arrived at the idea that
sunlight is a heterogeneous blend of different rays each of,
which
represents a different color-and that reflections and
refraction cause colors to appear by separating the blend into
its components. Newton demonstrated his theory of colors by
passing the beam of sunlight through a type of prism, which split
the beam into separate colors.
In 1672 Newton sent a brief exposition of his theory of
colors to the Royal Society in London. In 1704 however, Newton
published appliqués, which explained his theories in details.
During
the following two and a half years, Newton established the modern
science of dynamics by formulating his three laws of motion.
Newton applied there laws to Kempler's law of orbital
motion-formulated by the German astronomer Johannes Kempler-and
derived the law of Universal Gravitation. Newton is probably best
known for discovering Universal Gravitation, which explains that
all bodies in space and on earth are affected by the force of
Gravity, and another thing he invented was the Reflecting
Telescope. He published this theory in his book Philosophiae
Natural is Principia Mathematica in 1687. This book marked a
turning point in the history of science; it also ensured that its
author could never regain his privacy.
In the same year, 1687, Newton helped lead Cambridge's
resistance to the efforts of King James II to make the University
a Catholic institution, After the English Revolution in 1688,
which drove James from England, the University elected Newton one
of its representatives in a special convening of the county's
Parliament.
In the summer of 1693 Newton showed symptoms of a severe
emotional disorder. Although he regained his health, his creative
period had come to an end. Newton's connections with the leaders
of the new regime in England led to his appointment as warden.
And later master of Royal Mint in London, where he lived after
1696. In 1703 the Royal Society elected him President, an office
he held for the rest of his life. As President, he ordered the
immediate Publication of the Astronomical Observations of the
First Astronomer Royal of England, John Flamsteed. Newton needed
these observations to perfect his Lunar theory.
Newton also compiled the book of evidence that the society
published. The effects of the quarrel lingered nearly until his
death in 1727.
In addition to science, Newton also showed an interest in
Alchemy, Mysticism, and Theology. Many pages of his notes and
writing-particularly from the later years of his career are
devoted to these topics. However, historians have found little
connection between these interests and Newton's scientific works.
Newton was born on December 25,1642. He was an English
mathematician and physicist, considered one of the greatest
scientist in history, who made important contributions to many
fields of science. His discoveries and theories laid the
foundation for much of the progress in science since his time.
Newton was one of the inventors of the branch of mathematics
called Calculus. He also solved the mysteries of light and
optics. Formulated the three laws of motions, and derived from
them the law of universal gravitation.
Newton's birth place was at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in
Linclonshire. Where he lived with his widowed mother, Until
around his third birthday. At this time his mother remarried,
leaving him in the care of his Grandmother and sent to grammar
school in Grantham. Later, in the Summer of 1661, he was sent to
Trinity Collage, at the University of Cambridge. Newton received
his bachelors degree in 1665. After an intermission of nearly two
years to avoid the plague, Newton returned to Trinity, Which
elected him to a fellowship in 1667. He received his master
degree in 1668. Newton ignored much of the established curriculum
of the University to pursue his own interests: mathematics and
natural philosophy.
By joining them in what he called the Fluxional method,
Newton developed in the autumn of 1666 a kind of mathematics that
is now known as calculus. Was a new and powerful method that
carried modern mathematics above the level of Greek geometry.
Although Newton was its inventor, he did not introduce calculus
into European Mathematics.
Always Fearful of publication and Criticism. Newton kept his
Discovery to himself. However, enough was known of his abilities
to effect his appointment in 1669as a Luciasian Professor of
Mathematics at the University of Cambbridge.
Optics was another area of Newton's early interests. In
trying at explain now colors occur, he arrived at the idea that
sunlight is a heterogeneous blend of different rays each of,
which
represents a different color-and that reflections and
refraction cause colors to appear by separating the blend into
its components. Newton demonstrated his theory of colors by
passing the beam of sunlight through a type of prism, which split
the beam into separate colors.
In 1672 Newton sent a brief exposition of his theory of
colors to the Royal Society in London. In 1704 however, Newton
published appliqués, which explained his theories in details.
During
the following two and a half years, Newton established the modern
science of dynamics by formulating his three laws of motion.
Newton applied there laws to Kempler's law of orbital
motion-formulated by the German astronomer Johannes Kempler-and
derived the law of Universal Gravitation. Newton is probably best
known for discovering Universal Gravitation, which explains that
all bodies in space and on earth are affected by the force of
Gravity, and another thing he invented was the Reflecting
Telescope. He published this theory in his book Philosophiae
Natural is Principia Mathematica in 1687. This book marked a
turning point in the history of science; it also ensured that its
author could never regain his privacy.
In the same year, 1687, Newton helped lead Cambridge's
resistance to the efforts of King James II to make the University
a Catholic institution, After the English Revolution in 1688,
which drove James from England, the University elected Newton one
of its representatives in a special convening of the county's
Parliament.
In the summer of 1693 Newton showed symptoms of a severe
emotional disorder. Although he regained his health, his creative
period had come to an end. Newton's connections with the leaders
of the new regime in England led to his appointment as warden.
And later master of Royal Mint in London, where he lived after
1696. In 1703 the Royal Society elected him President, an office
he held for the rest of his life. As President, he ordered the
immediate Publication of the Astronomical Observations of the
First Astronomer Royal of England, John Flamsteed. Newton needed
these observations to perfect his Lunar theory.
Newton also compiled the book of evidence that the society
published. The effects of the quarrel lingered nearly until his
death in 1727.
In addition to science, Newton also showed an interest in
Alchemy, Mysticism, and Theology. Many pages of his notes and
writing-particularly from the later years of his career are
devoted to these topics. However, historians have found little
connection between these interests and Newton's scientific works.
Rene Descartes
Rene Descartes
Rene Descartes was born March 31, 1596 in La Haye, Touraine. Descartes was the son of a minor nobleman and belonged to a family that had produced a number of learned men. At the age of eight, he was enrolled in the Jesuit school of La Fleche in Anjou, where he remained for eight years. Besides the usual classical studies, he received instruction in math and in Scholastic philosophy. Roman Catholicism exerted a strong influence on Descartes throughout his life. Upon graduation from school, he studied law at the University of Poitiers, graduating in 1616. He never practiced law, however--in 1618 he entered the service of Prince Maurice of Nassau at Breda, Netherlands, with the intention of following a military career. In succeeding years Descartes served in other armies, but his attention had already been attracted to the problems of mathematics and philosophy to which he was to devote the rest of his life. He made a pilgrimage to Italy in 1623-24, and spent the years from 1624 to 1628 in France. While in France, he devoted himself to the study of philosophy and also experimented in optics. In 1628, having sold his properties in France, he moved to the Netherlands, where he spent most of the rest of his life. He lived for varying periods in a number of different cities in the Netherlands, including Amsterdam, Deventer, Utrecht, and Leiden.
It was probably during the first years of his residence in the Netherlands that Descartes wrote his first major work, Essais philosophiques, published in 1637. The work contained four parts: an essay on geometry, another on optics, a third on meteors, and Discours de la methode (Discourse on Method), which described his philosophical theories. This was followed by other philosophical works, among them Meditationes de Prima Philosophia (Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641) and Principia Philosophiae (The Principles of Philosophy, 1644). The latter volume was dedicated to Princess Elizabeth Stuart of Bohemia, who lived in the Netherlands and with whom Descartes had formed a deep friendship. In 1649, Descartes was invited to the court of Queen Christina of Sweden in Stockholm to give the queen instruction in philosophy. The rigors of the northern winter brought on the pneumonia that caused his death on February 1, 1650.
The most notable contribution that Descartes made to mathematics was the systematization of analytic geometry. He was the first mathematician to attempt to classify curves according to the types of equations that produce them. He also made contributions to the theory of equations and succeeded in proving the impossibility of trisecting the angle and doubling the cube. Descartes was the first to use the last letters of the alphabet to designate unknown quantities and the first letters to represent the known ones. He also invented the "method of indices" to express the powers of numbers. In addition, he formulated the rule, which is known as Descartes' rule of signs, for finding the number of positive and negative roots for any algebraic equation.
Descartes' philosophy, sometimes called Cartesians, carried him into elaborate and erroneous explanations of a number of physical phenomena. These explanations, however, had value, because he substituted a system of mechanical interpretations of physical phenomena for the vague spiritual concepts of most earlier writers. Although he had at first been inclined to accept the theory proposed by Copernicus regarding the universe as a heliocentric one, he abandoned this theory when it was pronounced heretical by the Roman Catholic church. In its place he devised a theory of vortices in which space was entirely filled with matter, in various states, whirling about the sun. In the field of physiology, Descartes held that part of the blood was a "subtle fluid," which he called animal spirits. He believed the animal spirits came into contact with "thinking substances" in the brain and flowed out along the channels of the nerves to animate the muscles and other parts of the body. His study of optics led him to the independent discovery of the fundamental law of reflection: that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. His essay on optics was the first published statement of this law. Descartes' treatment of light as a type of pressure in a solid medium paved the way for the "undulatory theory of light."
Descartes attempted to apply the rational inductive methods of science, and particularly of mathematics, to philosophy. Before his time, philosophy had been dominated by the method of Scholasticism, which was entirely based on comparing and contrasting the view of recognized authorities. Rejecting this method, Descartes stated, "In our search for the direct road to truth, we should busy ourselves with no object about which we cannot attain a certitude equal to that of the demonstration of arithmetic and geometry." He therefore determined to hold nothing true until he had established grounds for believing it true. The single sure fact from which his investigations began was expressed by him in the famous words Cogito, ergo sum, "I think, therefore I am." In saying that a clear consciousness of his thinking proved his own existence, he argued the existence of God. God, according to Descartes' philosophy, created two classes of substance that make up the whole of reality. One class was thinking substances or minds, and the other was extended substances or bodies.
Rene Descartes was born March 31, 1596 in La Haye, Touraine. Descartes was the son of a minor nobleman and belonged to a family that had produced a number of learned men. At the age of eight, he was enrolled in the Jesuit school of La Fleche in Anjou, where he remained for eight years. Besides the usual classical studies, he received instruction in math and in Scholastic philosophy. Roman Catholicism exerted a strong influence on Descartes throughout his life. Upon graduation from school, he studied law at the University of Poitiers, graduating in 1616. He never practiced law, however--in 1618 he entered the service of Prince Maurice of Nassau at Breda, Netherlands, with the intention of following a military career. In succeeding years Descartes served in other armies, but his attention had already been attracted to the problems of mathematics and philosophy to which he was to devote the rest of his life. He made a pilgrimage to Italy in 1623-24, and spent the years from 1624 to 1628 in France. While in France, he devoted himself to the study of philosophy and also experimented in optics. In 1628, having sold his properties in France, he moved to the Netherlands, where he spent most of the rest of his life. He lived for varying periods in a number of different cities in the Netherlands, including Amsterdam, Deventer, Utrecht, and Leiden.
It was probably during the first years of his residence in the Netherlands that Descartes wrote his first major work, Essais philosophiques, published in 1637. The work contained four parts: an essay on geometry, another on optics, a third on meteors, and Discours de la methode (Discourse on Method), which described his philosophical theories. This was followed by other philosophical works, among them Meditationes de Prima Philosophia (Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641) and Principia Philosophiae (The Principles of Philosophy, 1644). The latter volume was dedicated to Princess Elizabeth Stuart of Bohemia, who lived in the Netherlands and with whom Descartes had formed a deep friendship. In 1649, Descartes was invited to the court of Queen Christina of Sweden in Stockholm to give the queen instruction in philosophy. The rigors of the northern winter brought on the pneumonia that caused his death on February 1, 1650.
The most notable contribution that Descartes made to mathematics was the systematization of analytic geometry. He was the first mathematician to attempt to classify curves according to the types of equations that produce them. He also made contributions to the theory of equations and succeeded in proving the impossibility of trisecting the angle and doubling the cube. Descartes was the first to use the last letters of the alphabet to designate unknown quantities and the first letters to represent the known ones. He also invented the "method of indices" to express the powers of numbers. In addition, he formulated the rule, which is known as Descartes' rule of signs, for finding the number of positive and negative roots for any algebraic equation.
Descartes' philosophy, sometimes called Cartesians, carried him into elaborate and erroneous explanations of a number of physical phenomena. These explanations, however, had value, because he substituted a system of mechanical interpretations of physical phenomena for the vague spiritual concepts of most earlier writers. Although he had at first been inclined to accept the theory proposed by Copernicus regarding the universe as a heliocentric one, he abandoned this theory when it was pronounced heretical by the Roman Catholic church. In its place he devised a theory of vortices in which space was entirely filled with matter, in various states, whirling about the sun. In the field of physiology, Descartes held that part of the blood was a "subtle fluid," which he called animal spirits. He believed the animal spirits came into contact with "thinking substances" in the brain and flowed out along the channels of the nerves to animate the muscles and other parts of the body. His study of optics led him to the independent discovery of the fundamental law of reflection: that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. His essay on optics was the first published statement of this law. Descartes' treatment of light as a type of pressure in a solid medium paved the way for the "undulatory theory of light."
Descartes attempted to apply the rational inductive methods of science, and particularly of mathematics, to philosophy. Before his time, philosophy had been dominated by the method of Scholasticism, which was entirely based on comparing and contrasting the view of recognized authorities. Rejecting this method, Descartes stated, "In our search for the direct road to truth, we should busy ourselves with no object about which we cannot attain a certitude equal to that of the demonstration of arithmetic and geometry." He therefore determined to hold nothing true until he had established grounds for believing it true. The single sure fact from which his investigations began was expressed by him in the famous words Cogito, ergo sum, "I think, therefore I am." In saying that a clear consciousness of his thinking proved his own existence, he argued the existence of God. God, according to Descartes' philosophy, created two classes of substance that make up the whole of reality. One class was thinking substances or minds, and the other was extended substances or bodies.
Rene Descartes 4
Rene Descartes
Rene Descartes was born March 31, 1596 in La Haye, Touraine. Descartes was the son of a minor nobleman and belonged to a family that had produced a number of learned men. At the age of eight, he was enrolled in the Jesuit school of La Fleche in Anjou, where he remained for eight years. Besides the usual classical studies, he received instruction in math and in Scholastic philosophy. Roman Catholicism exerted a strong influence on Descartes throughout his life. Upon graduation from school, he studied law at the University of Poitiers, graduating in 1616. He never practiced law, however--in 1618 he entered the service of Prince Maurice of Nassau at Breda, Netherlands, with the intention of following a military career. In succeeding years Descartes served in other armies, but his attention had already been attracted to the problems of mathematics and philosophy to which he was to devote the rest of his life. He made a pilgrimage to Italy in 1623-24, and spent the years from 1624 to 1628 in France. While in France, he devoted himself to the study of philosophy and also experimented in optics. In 1628, having sold his properties in France, he moved to the Netherlands, where he spent most of the rest of his life. He lived for varying periods in a number of different cities in the Netherlands, including Amsterdam, Deventer, Utrecht, and Leiden.
It was probably during the first years of his residence in the Netherlands that Descartes wrote his first major work, Essais philosophiques, published in 1637. The work contained four parts: an essay on geometry, another on optics, a third on meteors, and Discours de la methode (Discourse on Method), which described his philosophical theories. This was followed by other philosophical works, among them Meditationes de Prima Philosophia (Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641) and Principia Philosophiae (The Principles of Philosophy, 1644). The latter volume was dedicated to Princess Elizabeth Stuart of Bohemia, who lived in the Netherlands and with whom Descartes had formed a deep friendship. In 1649, Descartes was invited to the court of Queen Christina of Sweden in Stockholm to give the queen instruction in philosophy. The rigors of the northern winter brought on the pneumonia that caused his death on February 1, 1650.
The most notable contribution that Descartes made to mathematics was the systematization of analytic geometry. He was the first mathematician to attempt to classify curves according to the types of equations that produce them. He also made contributions to the theory of equations and succeeded in proving the impossibility of trisecting the angle and doubling the cube. Descartes was the first to use the last letters of the alphabet to designate unknown quantities and the first letters to represent the known ones. He also invented the "method of indices" to express the powers of numbers. In addition, he formulated the rule, which is known as Descartes' rule of signs, for finding the number of positive and negative roots for any algebraic equation.
Descartes' philosophy, sometimes called Cartesians, carried him into elaborate and erroneous explanations of a number of physical phenomena. These explanations, however, had value, because he substituted a system of mechanical interpretations of physical phenomena for the vague spiritual concepts of most earlier writers. Although he had at first been inclined to accept the theory proposed by Copernicus regarding the universe as a heliocentric one, he abandoned this theory when it was pronounced heretical by the Roman Catholic church. In its place he devised a theory of vortices in which space was entirely filled with matter, in various states, whirling about the sun. In the field of physiology, Descartes held that part of the blood was a "subtle fluid," which he called animal spirits. He believed the animal spirits came into contact with "thinking substances" in the brain and flowed out along the channels of the nerves to animate the muscles and other parts of the body. His study of optics led him to the independent discovery of the fundamental law of reflection: that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. His essay on optics was the first published statement of this law. Descartes' treatment of light as a type of pressure in a solid medium paved the way for the "undulatory theory of light."
Descartes attempted to apply the rational inductive methods of science, and particularly of mathematics, to philosophy. Before his time, philosophy had been dominated by the method of Scholasticism, which was entirely based on comparing and contrasting the view of recognized authorities. Rejecting this method, Descartes stated, "In our search for the direct road to truth, we should busy ourselves with no object about which we cannot attain a certitude equal to that of the demonstration of arithmetic and geometry." He therefore determined to hold nothing true until he had established grounds for believing it true. The single sure fact from which his investigations began was expressed by him in the famous words Cogito, ergo sum, "I think, therefore I am." In saying that a clear consciousness of his thinking proved his own existence, he argued the existence of God. God, according to Descartes' philosophy, created two classes of substance that make up the whole of reality. One class was thinking substances or minds, and the other was extended substances or bodies.
Rene Descartes was born March 31, 1596 in La Haye, Touraine. Descartes was the son of a minor nobleman and belonged to a family that had produced a number of learned men. At the age of eight, he was enrolled in the Jesuit school of La Fleche in Anjou, where he remained for eight years. Besides the usual classical studies, he received instruction in math and in Scholastic philosophy. Roman Catholicism exerted a strong influence on Descartes throughout his life. Upon graduation from school, he studied law at the University of Poitiers, graduating in 1616. He never practiced law, however--in 1618 he entered the service of Prince Maurice of Nassau at Breda, Netherlands, with the intention of following a military career. In succeeding years Descartes served in other armies, but his attention had already been attracted to the problems of mathematics and philosophy to which he was to devote the rest of his life. He made a pilgrimage to Italy in 1623-24, and spent the years from 1624 to 1628 in France. While in France, he devoted himself to the study of philosophy and also experimented in optics. In 1628, having sold his properties in France, he moved to the Netherlands, where he spent most of the rest of his life. He lived for varying periods in a number of different cities in the Netherlands, including Amsterdam, Deventer, Utrecht, and Leiden.
It was probably during the first years of his residence in the Netherlands that Descartes wrote his first major work, Essais philosophiques, published in 1637. The work contained four parts: an essay on geometry, another on optics, a third on meteors, and Discours de la methode (Discourse on Method), which described his philosophical theories. This was followed by other philosophical works, among them Meditationes de Prima Philosophia (Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641) and Principia Philosophiae (The Principles of Philosophy, 1644). The latter volume was dedicated to Princess Elizabeth Stuart of Bohemia, who lived in the Netherlands and with whom Descartes had formed a deep friendship. In 1649, Descartes was invited to the court of Queen Christina of Sweden in Stockholm to give the queen instruction in philosophy. The rigors of the northern winter brought on the pneumonia that caused his death on February 1, 1650.
The most notable contribution that Descartes made to mathematics was the systematization of analytic geometry. He was the first mathematician to attempt to classify curves according to the types of equations that produce them. He also made contributions to the theory of equations and succeeded in proving the impossibility of trisecting the angle and doubling the cube. Descartes was the first to use the last letters of the alphabet to designate unknown quantities and the first letters to represent the known ones. He also invented the "method of indices" to express the powers of numbers. In addition, he formulated the rule, which is known as Descartes' rule of signs, for finding the number of positive and negative roots for any algebraic equation.
Descartes' philosophy, sometimes called Cartesians, carried him into elaborate and erroneous explanations of a number of physical phenomena. These explanations, however, had value, because he substituted a system of mechanical interpretations of physical phenomena for the vague spiritual concepts of most earlier writers. Although he had at first been inclined to accept the theory proposed by Copernicus regarding the universe as a heliocentric one, he abandoned this theory when it was pronounced heretical by the Roman Catholic church. In its place he devised a theory of vortices in which space was entirely filled with matter, in various states, whirling about the sun. In the field of physiology, Descartes held that part of the blood was a "subtle fluid," which he called animal spirits. He believed the animal spirits came into contact with "thinking substances" in the brain and flowed out along the channels of the nerves to animate the muscles and other parts of the body. His study of optics led him to the independent discovery of the fundamental law of reflection: that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. His essay on optics was the first published statement of this law. Descartes' treatment of light as a type of pressure in a solid medium paved the way for the "undulatory theory of light."
Descartes attempted to apply the rational inductive methods of science, and particularly of mathematics, to philosophy. Before his time, philosophy had been dominated by the method of Scholasticism, which was entirely based on comparing and contrasting the view of recognized authorities. Rejecting this method, Descartes stated, "In our search for the direct road to truth, we should busy ourselves with no object about which we cannot attain a certitude equal to that of the demonstration of arithmetic and geometry." He therefore determined to hold nothing true until he had established grounds for believing it true. The single sure fact from which his investigations began was expressed by him in the famous words Cogito, ergo sum, "I think, therefore I am." In saying that a clear consciousness of his thinking proved his own existence, he argued the existence of God. God, according to Descartes' philosophy, created two classes of substance that make up the whole of reality. One class was thinking substances or minds, and the other was extended substances or bodies.
Ralph Waldo Emerson Properly Acknowledged
Ralph Waldo Emerson Properly Acknowledged
by <Somebody>
Ralph Waldo Emerson certainly took his place in the history of American Literature . He lived in a time when romanticism was becoming a way of thinking and beginning to bloom in America, the time period known as The Romantic Age. Romantic thinking stressed on human imagination and emotion rather than on basic facts and reason. Ralph Waldo Emerson not only provided plenty of that, but he also nourished it and inspired many other writers of that time. "His influence can be found in the works of Henry David Thoreau, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Henry James, and Robert Frost.". No doubt, Ralph Waldo Emerson was an astute and intellectual man who influenced American Literature and has rightly received the credit that he deserves from historians. He has been depicted as a leading figure in American thought and literature, or at least ranks up there with the very best. But there is so much more to Ralph Waldo Emerson when we consider the personal hardships that he had to endure during the course of his life and when we see the type of man that he becomes. He certainly was a man of inspiration who knew how to express himself by writing the best of poems and philosophical ideas with inspiration.
To get an idea of how Ralph Waldo Emerson might have become such an inspiration to the people, some background on his life is essential. Can you imagine living a life with all your loved ones passing away one by one? A persons life could collapse into severe depression, lose hope, and lose meaning. He can build a morbid outlook on life. Ralph Waldo Emerson suffered these things. He was born on May 25, 1803 and entered into a new world, a new nation just beginning. Just about eight years later, his father would no longer be with him, as William Emerson died in 1811. The Emerson family was left to a life marked by poverty. Ralph's mother, Ruth, was left as a widow having to take care of five sons. However, Ralph's life seemed to carry on smoothly. He would end up attending Harvard College and persue a job of teaching full time. While teaching as a junior pastor of Boston's Second Church, his life gained more meaning when he married Ellen Louisa Tucker. Journal entries and love letters he wrote at that time expressed lots of feelings and emotions that he had. But after two short years of marriage, Ellen died of tuberculosis. Suddenly, the one true person he had in his life was gone. Life was losing it's meaning, and Ralph Waldo Emerson was in need of some answers. This dark period drove him to question his beliefs. Emerson resigned from the Second Church and his profession as a pastor in search for vital truth and hope. But his father and wife were not the only deaths that he had to deal with. His strength and endurance would be put to the test much further with a perennial line of loved ones dying. His brother Edward, died in 1834, Charles in 1836, and his son Waldo (from his second wife Lydia Jackson) in 1842. After such a traumatic life, you might expect that Emerson, like any other person,would collapse into severe depression, lose hope, and lose meaning to his life. But Emerson was different. He found the answers within himself and rebounded into a mature man.
After surviving a mentally hard life, Ralph Waldo Emerson seemed to gain more discernment toward life. Wisdom is gained through experience. By 1835, Emerson's rare and extravagant spirit was ready to be unleashed. All his deep feelings, emotions, and thoughts fabricated truth the way he arrived at truth, within himself. "To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men- that is genius. Speak your latent conviction and it shall be the universal sense; for always the inmost becomes the outmost-and our first thought is rendered back to us by the trumpets of the last judgment." Emerson fully believed this and supported it by taking part in a new philosophical movement called Transcendentalism. In 1836, his first boot, Nature, was published. Nature expressed the main points of Transcendentalism. With this, Ralph Waldo Emerson started the Transcendental Club the same year. This club published a magazine called The Dial, fully promulgating philosophy, literature, and Emerson's truth fearlessly. He was starting to gain recognition. The young were opening their minds, and the old were impressed. Harvard was so impressed of him that ther asked him to give several addresses. In 1837, he gave a well-known address called "The American Scholar" in which he outlined his philosophy of humanism. A year later, he gave another address, called "The Divinity School Address." This argued about Christianity at that time for being too traditional and ritualistic in its ways. These methods didn't fill the people's spiritual need. Emerson showed his liking under a new religion founded by nature. Truly, by the crowds that he drew, Emerson refreshed the minds, of people who were thirsting for some truth. And who better to provide this than Emerson himself, who, through many distresses, searched within himself and became a man with life again.
This man, of inspiration, full of truth, goodness, and beauty became a part of classic American literature. His expressions were absorbed into some of the most exceptional essays, poems, and philosophical ideas ever created. His famous essays are "History," "Art," "The Poet," and the famous "Self-Reliance." He gathered his essays into two volumes. The first was released in 1841, and the second was released in 1844. Poems however, also made Emerson's reputation as a erudite man. His poems were enjoyable as well as thought provoking to many. "Each and All," was a poem that supported his beliefs. "The Rhodora," as well as "The Humble Bee," and "The Snow Storm," touched on the greatness of nature. Emerson also expressed himself through poems such as "Uriel," "The Problem," "The Sphinx," and the well-known "Days." Many of these works of Emerson have taken there place in the history of American literature.
Thus, we now see what truly a great man Emerson was. We gain a deep respect for him when we consider the hardships that he had to face, how he endured those problems, and the minds that he opened and touched by his wonderful works. In conclusion, we can truly say that Emerson is well deserving of the credit he received from historians.
by <Somebody>
Ralph Waldo Emerson certainly took his place in the history of American Literature . He lived in a time when romanticism was becoming a way of thinking and beginning to bloom in America, the time period known as The Romantic Age. Romantic thinking stressed on human imagination and emotion rather than on basic facts and reason. Ralph Waldo Emerson not only provided plenty of that, but he also nourished it and inspired many other writers of that time. "His influence can be found in the works of Henry David Thoreau, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Henry James, and Robert Frost.". No doubt, Ralph Waldo Emerson was an astute and intellectual man who influenced American Literature and has rightly received the credit that he deserves from historians. He has been depicted as a leading figure in American thought and literature, or at least ranks up there with the very best. But there is so much more to Ralph Waldo Emerson when we consider the personal hardships that he had to endure during the course of his life and when we see the type of man that he becomes. He certainly was a man of inspiration who knew how to express himself by writing the best of poems and philosophical ideas with inspiration.
To get an idea of how Ralph Waldo Emerson might have become such an inspiration to the people, some background on his life is essential. Can you imagine living a life with all your loved ones passing away one by one? A persons life could collapse into severe depression, lose hope, and lose meaning. He can build a morbid outlook on life. Ralph Waldo Emerson suffered these things. He was born on May 25, 1803 and entered into a new world, a new nation just beginning. Just about eight years later, his father would no longer be with him, as William Emerson died in 1811. The Emerson family was left to a life marked by poverty. Ralph's mother, Ruth, was left as a widow having to take care of five sons. However, Ralph's life seemed to carry on smoothly. He would end up attending Harvard College and persue a job of teaching full time. While teaching as a junior pastor of Boston's Second Church, his life gained more meaning when he married Ellen Louisa Tucker. Journal entries and love letters he wrote at that time expressed lots of feelings and emotions that he had. But after two short years of marriage, Ellen died of tuberculosis. Suddenly, the one true person he had in his life was gone. Life was losing it's meaning, and Ralph Waldo Emerson was in need of some answers. This dark period drove him to question his beliefs. Emerson resigned from the Second Church and his profession as a pastor in search for vital truth and hope. But his father and wife were not the only deaths that he had to deal with. His strength and endurance would be put to the test much further with a perennial line of loved ones dying. His brother Edward, died in 1834, Charles in 1836, and his son Waldo (from his second wife Lydia Jackson) in 1842. After such a traumatic life, you might expect that Emerson, like any other person,would collapse into severe depression, lose hope, and lose meaning to his life. But Emerson was different. He found the answers within himself and rebounded into a mature man.
After surviving a mentally hard life, Ralph Waldo Emerson seemed to gain more discernment toward life. Wisdom is gained through experience. By 1835, Emerson's rare and extravagant spirit was ready to be unleashed. All his deep feelings, emotions, and thoughts fabricated truth the way he arrived at truth, within himself. "To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men- that is genius. Speak your latent conviction and it shall be the universal sense; for always the inmost becomes the outmost-and our first thought is rendered back to us by the trumpets of the last judgment." Emerson fully believed this and supported it by taking part in a new philosophical movement called Transcendentalism. In 1836, his first boot, Nature, was published. Nature expressed the main points of Transcendentalism. With this, Ralph Waldo Emerson started the Transcendental Club the same year. This club published a magazine called The Dial, fully promulgating philosophy, literature, and Emerson's truth fearlessly. He was starting to gain recognition. The young were opening their minds, and the old were impressed. Harvard was so impressed of him that ther asked him to give several addresses. In 1837, he gave a well-known address called "The American Scholar" in which he outlined his philosophy of humanism. A year later, he gave another address, called "The Divinity School Address." This argued about Christianity at that time for being too traditional and ritualistic in its ways. These methods didn't fill the people's spiritual need. Emerson showed his liking under a new religion founded by nature. Truly, by the crowds that he drew, Emerson refreshed the minds, of people who were thirsting for some truth. And who better to provide this than Emerson himself, who, through many distresses, searched within himself and became a man with life again.
This man, of inspiration, full of truth, goodness, and beauty became a part of classic American literature. His expressions were absorbed into some of the most exceptional essays, poems, and philosophical ideas ever created. His famous essays are "History," "Art," "The Poet," and the famous "Self-Reliance." He gathered his essays into two volumes. The first was released in 1841, and the second was released in 1844. Poems however, also made Emerson's reputation as a erudite man. His poems were enjoyable as well as thought provoking to many. "Each and All," was a poem that supported his beliefs. "The Rhodora," as well as "The Humble Bee," and "The Snow Storm," touched on the greatness of nature. Emerson also expressed himself through poems such as "Uriel," "The Problem," "The Sphinx," and the well-known "Days." Many of these works of Emerson have taken there place in the history of American literature.
Thus, we now see what truly a great man Emerson was. We gain a deep respect for him when we consider the hardships that he had to face, how he endured those problems, and the minds that he opened and touched by his wonderful works. In conclusion, we can truly say that Emerson is well deserving of the credit he received from historians.
Nostradamus
Nostradamus
Michel De Nostradame, otherwise known as Nostradamus was born December 14, 1503. His family was of Jewish ancestry. His grandfather, Pierre de Nostradame, had settled in Provence because by the mid-1400s, many Jews had come to live there.
Nostradamus' father was Jacques de Nostradame. Jacques worked as a scholary, since most people didn't know how to write he wrote things for them, from love letters to formal documents. Jacques' income provided a good home at the time. Nostradamus' earliest recollection of his home was the following:
Typical of all provençal homes in the sixteenth century was the room
where both domestic and social life was carried on. The center and
symbol of the room's activity was the great fireplace, majestic, caver-
nous, holding a banked fire that never went out since his mother and
father moved in. Shining pots and pans of brass hung low from the
mantle shelf. At either angle of the fireplace was an oak settle were his
grandfathers liked to laze and talk when they came to visit. On the walls
hung light cabinet shelves holding salt and spices.
Nostradamus had one definite brother, Cèsar who wrote Histoire de Provence, a book which sustains the myth of the Nostradamus royal line. Historians think Nostradamus had three other brothers, Bertrand, Hector, and Antoine, but they are not sure and almost nothing is known about them besides their names.
Nostradamus was educated by his grandfathers. First Peyrot, who had been a great traveler, brought Nostradamus up in his home. He taught Nostradamus the basics of mathematics, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Astrology. After Peyrot de Nostradamus' death Nostradamus moved back in with his parents, Jacques and Reynière. It is thought that his other grandfather took over his education for a while, but the family decided to send Nostradamus to Avignon, which at that period was the center of Renaissance learning. At Avignon, Nostradamus spent many hours at University libraries.
Nostradamus' biggest interest was astrology. His interest in astrology began to worry his parents, and by the advice of his grandfather he was sent to the University of Montpellier to study medicine. The University of Montpellier was regarded as second only to that of Paris in all of France. Nostradamus arrived there in 1522 at nineteen years of age. In three years he studied all the subjects needed for his bachelor's degree. He was tutored by some of the finest doctors in Europe. The process of getting a degree was far more arduous than in the present day, and lasted much longer. A successful candidate was given his license to practice by the bishop of Montpellier. Nostradamus achieved this in 1525.
Nostradamus left the University and acquired a great reputation as a doctor by treating victims of the plague that ravaged that part of Europe, he would return later to get his doctorate. He was widely known for his use of his own formulas and prescriptions. He was recorded as being very successful. He made his medicines according to the patient; the richer the patient, the more expensive the ingredients were.
One of Nostradamus' medicines used for tooth decay consisted of the following, it was not at all unusual for the time:
300-400 red roses, picked before dawn.
1oz. Sawdust from green fresh Cyprus.
6oz. Iris of Florence.
3oz. cloves.
3 drams sweet smelling calamus, tiger lily.
6 drams lignaloes.
Pulverize the rose petals, in a mortar, mixed with a powder made from the above. Make the mixture in to lozenges , dry and keep enclosed, away from the air. Keep one in the mouth at all times.
Nostradamus got married in 1547 to a woman named Anne Ponsarde Gemelle, a rich woman and a widow. Even though Nostradamus was Christian he had not always been that way, and the townspeople abused him as a Jew. His reputation decreased. It was around this time that he started writing books called Almanachs. The first one, which came out in 1550, had information on things like the weather and crops. Many of these things were wrong, but the book was a success.
In 1555 Nostradamus completed a series of books of prophecies, each containing 100 predictions about the future. They were joined in a book for the first time in 1568, the book contained 1000 predictions. Nostradamus predicted a lot of things. The following are several:
In prophecy number I.XXVI he says that in mid-day a great man, one that promises change to the world will be struck and killed in front of thousands of people. This is thought to explain John F. Kennedy's death. In prophecy number II.V Nostradamus predicts a third World War. He says a great country in the north will be struck by a great blast from the sky, plague and blood. Many will suffer.
The books of prophecies are very interesting to read and are very accurate.
Starting in 1561 a streak of prophecies became true and Nostradamus' reputation grew so much that Jean Aymes de Chavigny the ex-mayor Beaunne, a city in France was quoted as saying "People came to France and sought Nostradamus as the only thing to be seen."
By the end of 1565 Nostradamus was seriously ill suffering from arthiritis and gout, a painfull swelling of the joints. On June 17, 1566 he wrote his will; a couple of days later he died. He lived 62 years, 6 months, 7 days. He was very old if you consider the fact that he lived in the 1500's when the life expectancy was around 43 years. When he was 57 Chavigny described him as the following:
He was a little under medium height, robust, nible, and vigorous. He had a large open
forehead, a straight nose and gray eyes which were usually pleasant, but blazed when he
was angry. His cheeks were red even at his old age. He spoke little, but thought a great
deal. He slept only four or five hours a night. I can remember his charity to the poor
towards whom he was very generous.
Nostradamus had a great life he had everything he wanted besides that fact that his family was killed by the plague and he was not able too help them.
Michel De Nostradame, otherwise known as Nostradamus was born December 14, 1503. His family was of Jewish ancestry. His grandfather, Pierre de Nostradame, had settled in Provence because by the mid-1400s, many Jews had come to live there.
Nostradamus' father was Jacques de Nostradame. Jacques worked as a scholary, since most people didn't know how to write he wrote things for them, from love letters to formal documents. Jacques' income provided a good home at the time. Nostradamus' earliest recollection of his home was the following:
Typical of all provençal homes in the sixteenth century was the room
where both domestic and social life was carried on. The center and
symbol of the room's activity was the great fireplace, majestic, caver-
nous, holding a banked fire that never went out since his mother and
father moved in. Shining pots and pans of brass hung low from the
mantle shelf. At either angle of the fireplace was an oak settle were his
grandfathers liked to laze and talk when they came to visit. On the walls
hung light cabinet shelves holding salt and spices.
Nostradamus had one definite brother, Cèsar who wrote Histoire de Provence, a book which sustains the myth of the Nostradamus royal line. Historians think Nostradamus had three other brothers, Bertrand, Hector, and Antoine, but they are not sure and almost nothing is known about them besides their names.
Nostradamus was educated by his grandfathers. First Peyrot, who had been a great traveler, brought Nostradamus up in his home. He taught Nostradamus the basics of mathematics, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Astrology. After Peyrot de Nostradamus' death Nostradamus moved back in with his parents, Jacques and Reynière. It is thought that his other grandfather took over his education for a while, but the family decided to send Nostradamus to Avignon, which at that period was the center of Renaissance learning. At Avignon, Nostradamus spent many hours at University libraries.
Nostradamus' biggest interest was astrology. His interest in astrology began to worry his parents, and by the advice of his grandfather he was sent to the University of Montpellier to study medicine. The University of Montpellier was regarded as second only to that of Paris in all of France. Nostradamus arrived there in 1522 at nineteen years of age. In three years he studied all the subjects needed for his bachelor's degree. He was tutored by some of the finest doctors in Europe. The process of getting a degree was far more arduous than in the present day, and lasted much longer. A successful candidate was given his license to practice by the bishop of Montpellier. Nostradamus achieved this in 1525.
Nostradamus left the University and acquired a great reputation as a doctor by treating victims of the plague that ravaged that part of Europe, he would return later to get his doctorate. He was widely known for his use of his own formulas and prescriptions. He was recorded as being very successful. He made his medicines according to the patient; the richer the patient, the more expensive the ingredients were.
One of Nostradamus' medicines used for tooth decay consisted of the following, it was not at all unusual for the time:
300-400 red roses, picked before dawn.
1oz. Sawdust from green fresh Cyprus.
6oz. Iris of Florence.
3oz. cloves.
3 drams sweet smelling calamus, tiger lily.
6 drams lignaloes.
Pulverize the rose petals, in a mortar, mixed with a powder made from the above. Make the mixture in to lozenges , dry and keep enclosed, away from the air. Keep one in the mouth at all times.
Nostradamus got married in 1547 to a woman named Anne Ponsarde Gemelle, a rich woman and a widow. Even though Nostradamus was Christian he had not always been that way, and the townspeople abused him as a Jew. His reputation decreased. It was around this time that he started writing books called Almanachs. The first one, which came out in 1550, had information on things like the weather and crops. Many of these things were wrong, but the book was a success.
In 1555 Nostradamus completed a series of books of prophecies, each containing 100 predictions about the future. They were joined in a book for the first time in 1568, the book contained 1000 predictions. Nostradamus predicted a lot of things. The following are several:
In prophecy number I.XXVI he says that in mid-day a great man, one that promises change to the world will be struck and killed in front of thousands of people. This is thought to explain John F. Kennedy's death. In prophecy number II.V Nostradamus predicts a third World War. He says a great country in the north will be struck by a great blast from the sky, plague and blood. Many will suffer.
The books of prophecies are very interesting to read and are very accurate.
Starting in 1561 a streak of prophecies became true and Nostradamus' reputation grew so much that Jean Aymes de Chavigny the ex-mayor Beaunne, a city in France was quoted as saying "People came to France and sought Nostradamus as the only thing to be seen."
By the end of 1565 Nostradamus was seriously ill suffering from arthiritis and gout, a painfull swelling of the joints. On June 17, 1566 he wrote his will; a couple of days later he died. He lived 62 years, 6 months, 7 days. He was very old if you consider the fact that he lived in the 1500's when the life expectancy was around 43 years. When he was 57 Chavigny described him as the following:
He was a little under medium height, robust, nible, and vigorous. He had a large open
forehead, a straight nose and gray eyes which were usually pleasant, but blazed when he
was angry. His cheeks were red even at his old age. He spoke little, but thought a great
deal. He slept only four or five hours a night. I can remember his charity to the poor
towards whom he was very generous.
Nostradamus had a great life he had everything he wanted besides that fact that his family was killed by the plague and he was not able too help them.
Nostradamus 4
Nostradamus
Michel De Nostradame, otherwise known as Nostradamus was born December 14, 1503. His family was of Jewish ancestry. His grandfather, Pierre de Nostradame, had settled in Provence because by the mid-1400s, many Jews had come to live there.
Nostradamus' father was Jacques de Nostradame. Jacques worked as a scholary, since most people didn't know how to write he wrote things for them, from love letters to formal documents. Jacques' income provided a good home at the time. Nostradamus' earliest recollection of his home was the following:
Typical of all provençal homes in the sixteenth century was the room
where both domestic and social life was carried on. The center and
symbol of the room's activity was the great fireplace, majestic, caver-
nous, holding a banked fire that never went out since his mother and
father moved in. Shining pots and pans of brass hung low from the
mantle shelf. At either angle of the fireplace was an oak settle were his
grandfathers liked to laze and talk when they came to visit. On the walls
hung light cabinet shelves holding salt and spices.
Nostradamus had one definite brother, Cèsar who wrote Histoire de Provence, a book which sustains the myth of the Nostradamus royal line. Historians think Nostradamus had three other brothers, Bertrand, Hector, and Antoine, but they are not sure and almost nothing is known about them besides their names.
Nostradamus was educated by his grandfathers. First Peyrot, who had been a great traveler, brought Nostradamus up in his home. He taught Nostradamus the basics of mathematics, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Astrology. After Peyrot de Nostradamus' death Nostradamus moved back in with his parents, Jacques and Reynière. It is thought that his other grandfather took over his education for a while, but the family decided to send Nostradamus to Avignon, which at that period was the center of Renaissance learning. At Avignon, Nostradamus spent many hours at University libraries.
Nostradamus' biggest interest was astrology. His interest in astrology began to worry his parents, and by the advice of his grandfather he was sent to the University of Montpellier to study medicine. The University of Montpellier was regarded as second only to that of Paris in all of France. Nostradamus arrived there in 1522 at nineteen years of age. In three years he studied all the subjects needed for his bachelor's degree. He was tutored by some of the finest doctors in Europe. The process of getting a degree was far more arduous than in the present day, and lasted much longer. A successful candidate was given his license to practice by the bishop of Montpellier. Nostradamus achieved this in 1525.
Nostradamus left the University and acquired a great reputation as a doctor by treating victims of the plague that ravaged that part of Europe, he would return later to get his doctorate. He was widely known for his use of his own formulas and prescriptions. He was recorded as being very successful. He made his medicines according to the patient; the richer the patient, the more expensive the ingredients were.
One of Nostradamus' medicines used for tooth decay consisted of the following, it was not at all unusual for the time:
300-400 red roses, picked before dawn.
1oz. Sawdust from green fresh Cyprus.
6oz. Iris of Florence.
3oz. cloves.
3 drams sweet smelling calamus, tiger lily.
6 drams lignaloes.
Pulverize the rose petals, in a mortar, mixed with a powder made from the above. Make the mixture in to lozenges , dry and keep enclosed, away from the air. Keep one in the mouth at all times.
Nostradamus got married in 1547 to a woman named Anne Ponsarde Gemelle, a rich woman and a widow. Even though Nostradamus was Christian he had not always been that way, and the townspeople abused him as a Jew. His reputation decreased. It was around this time that he started writing books called Almanachs. The first one, which came out in 1550, had information on things like the weather and crops. Many of these things were wrong, but the book was a success.
In 1555 Nostradamus completed a series of books of prophecies, each containing 100 predictions about the future. They were joined in a book for the first time in 1568, the book contained 1000 predictions. Nostradamus predicted a lot of things. The following are several:
In prophecy number I.XXVI he says that in mid-day a great man, one that promises change to the world will be struck and killed in front of thousands of people. This is thought to explain John F. Kennedy's death. In prophecy number II.V Nostradamus predicts a third World War. He says a great country in the north will be struck by a great blast from the sky, plague and blood. Many will suffer.
The books of prophecies are very interesting to read and are very accurate.
Starting in 1561 a streak of prophecies became true and Nostradamus' reputation grew so much that Jean Aymes de Chavigny the ex-mayor Beaunne, a city in France was quoted as saying "People came to France and sought Nostradamus as the only thing to be seen."
By the end of 1565 Nostradamus was seriously ill suffering from arthiritis and gout, a painfull swelling of the joints. On June 17, 1566 he wrote his will; a couple of days later he died. He lived 62 years, 6 months, 7 days. He was very old if you consider the fact that he lived in the 1500's when the life expectancy was around 43 years. When he was 57 Chavigny described him as the following:
He was a little under medium height, robust, nible, and vigorous. He had a large open
forehead, a straight nose and gray eyes which were usually pleasant, but blazed when he
was angry. His cheeks were red even at his old age. He spoke little, but thought a great
deal. He slept only four or five hours a night. I can remember his charity to the poor
towards whom he was very generous.
Nostradamus had a great life he had everything he wanted besides that fact that his family was killed by the plague and he was not able too help them.
Michel De Nostradame, otherwise known as Nostradamus was born December 14, 1503. His family was of Jewish ancestry. His grandfather, Pierre de Nostradame, had settled in Provence because by the mid-1400s, many Jews had come to live there.
Nostradamus' father was Jacques de Nostradame. Jacques worked as a scholary, since most people didn't know how to write he wrote things for them, from love letters to formal documents. Jacques' income provided a good home at the time. Nostradamus' earliest recollection of his home was the following:
Typical of all provençal homes in the sixteenth century was the room
where both domestic and social life was carried on. The center and
symbol of the room's activity was the great fireplace, majestic, caver-
nous, holding a banked fire that never went out since his mother and
father moved in. Shining pots and pans of brass hung low from the
mantle shelf. At either angle of the fireplace was an oak settle were his
grandfathers liked to laze and talk when they came to visit. On the walls
hung light cabinet shelves holding salt and spices.
Nostradamus had one definite brother, Cèsar who wrote Histoire de Provence, a book which sustains the myth of the Nostradamus royal line. Historians think Nostradamus had three other brothers, Bertrand, Hector, and Antoine, but they are not sure and almost nothing is known about them besides their names.
Nostradamus was educated by his grandfathers. First Peyrot, who had been a great traveler, brought Nostradamus up in his home. He taught Nostradamus the basics of mathematics, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Astrology. After Peyrot de Nostradamus' death Nostradamus moved back in with his parents, Jacques and Reynière. It is thought that his other grandfather took over his education for a while, but the family decided to send Nostradamus to Avignon, which at that period was the center of Renaissance learning. At Avignon, Nostradamus spent many hours at University libraries.
Nostradamus' biggest interest was astrology. His interest in astrology began to worry his parents, and by the advice of his grandfather he was sent to the University of Montpellier to study medicine. The University of Montpellier was regarded as second only to that of Paris in all of France. Nostradamus arrived there in 1522 at nineteen years of age. In three years he studied all the subjects needed for his bachelor's degree. He was tutored by some of the finest doctors in Europe. The process of getting a degree was far more arduous than in the present day, and lasted much longer. A successful candidate was given his license to practice by the bishop of Montpellier. Nostradamus achieved this in 1525.
Nostradamus left the University and acquired a great reputation as a doctor by treating victims of the plague that ravaged that part of Europe, he would return later to get his doctorate. He was widely known for his use of his own formulas and prescriptions. He was recorded as being very successful. He made his medicines according to the patient; the richer the patient, the more expensive the ingredients were.
One of Nostradamus' medicines used for tooth decay consisted of the following, it was not at all unusual for the time:
300-400 red roses, picked before dawn.
1oz. Sawdust from green fresh Cyprus.
6oz. Iris of Florence.
3oz. cloves.
3 drams sweet smelling calamus, tiger lily.
6 drams lignaloes.
Pulverize the rose petals, in a mortar, mixed with a powder made from the above. Make the mixture in to lozenges , dry and keep enclosed, away from the air. Keep one in the mouth at all times.
Nostradamus got married in 1547 to a woman named Anne Ponsarde Gemelle, a rich woman and a widow. Even though Nostradamus was Christian he had not always been that way, and the townspeople abused him as a Jew. His reputation decreased. It was around this time that he started writing books called Almanachs. The first one, which came out in 1550, had information on things like the weather and crops. Many of these things were wrong, but the book was a success.
In 1555 Nostradamus completed a series of books of prophecies, each containing 100 predictions about the future. They were joined in a book for the first time in 1568, the book contained 1000 predictions. Nostradamus predicted a lot of things. The following are several:
In prophecy number I.XXVI he says that in mid-day a great man, one that promises change to the world will be struck and killed in front of thousands of people. This is thought to explain John F. Kennedy's death. In prophecy number II.V Nostradamus predicts a third World War. He says a great country in the north will be struck by a great blast from the sky, plague and blood. Many will suffer.
The books of prophecies are very interesting to read and are very accurate.
Starting in 1561 a streak of prophecies became true and Nostradamus' reputation grew so much that Jean Aymes de Chavigny the ex-mayor Beaunne, a city in France was quoted as saying "People came to France and sought Nostradamus as the only thing to be seen."
By the end of 1565 Nostradamus was seriously ill suffering from arthiritis and gout, a painfull swelling of the joints. On June 17, 1566 he wrote his will; a couple of days later he died. He lived 62 years, 6 months, 7 days. He was very old if you consider the fact that he lived in the 1500's when the life expectancy was around 43 years. When he was 57 Chavigny described him as the following:
He was a little under medium height, robust, nible, and vigorous. He had a large open
forehead, a straight nose and gray eyes which were usually pleasant, but blazed when he
was angry. His cheeks were red even at his old age. He spoke little, but thought a great
deal. He slept only four or five hours a night. I can remember his charity to the poor
towards whom he was very generous.
Nostradamus had a great life he had everything he wanted besides that fact that his family was killed by the plague and he was not able too help them.
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