Le Corbusier Biography Interior Designer and Architect

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\par This designer/architect created many pioneer buildings in France throughout the early 21st century. A current biography for oral or writtens ubmission is what this piece contains! Good luck
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\par Le Corbusier Biography, Interior Designer and Architect
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\par Le Corbusier was born in 1887 in the Swiss watchmaking town of La Chaux de Fonds. His father was a highly skilled watch enameler; his mother was a pianist and music teacher. The family was Protestant;
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\par At the age of f
ifteen, Corbusier enrolled at the local trade school, L'Ecole d'Art, in order to learn the craft of watch case engraving. Corbusier's mentor at the school was Charles L'Eplattenier. L'Eplattenier's personal mission at L'Ecole was to find the most promisin
g students alternate careers in the fine arts. He knew that eventually the craft works at La Chaux de Fonds would be replicated by machine at a cheaper price, thus destroying the local economy
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\par L'Eplattenier saw promise in the young Corbusier. In fact, he decreed that the young man should become an architect. Corbusier was at first ambivalent, preferring a career as a painter, but later he came to embrace the architecture profession.
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\par Other early influences were Edward Schure's Les Grand Inities and Owen Jon
es's Grammar of Ornament. Plato, Schure, and Jones, appear to be the most influential on Corbusier's developing worldview. From Plato, Corbusier extracted the seemingly universal ideas of Beauty, Truth, and Harmony. The forms were out there, i.e. not of t
his world; one only had to get beneath everyday and one's own body.
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\par Bauhaus School in Vienna and his association with Auguste Perret, a Parisian Engineer. Under Perret's guidance, Corbusier learned the aesthetics of functionalism (the beauty of a carefull
y calculated structure sans ornament) and the positivism of the modern age.
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\par Corbusier shared Perret's confidence and enthusiasm for the modern age. He envisaged a new and unique role for the artist/architect and the city planner that closely adhered to the capitalist spirit. Put simply, Corbusier's initial encounter with the larg
e complex city of Paris convinced him of the need for modern housing and a modern city.
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\par he created the Dom-ino housing concept, which was a rectangular structure with only four load bearing reinforced concrete members. The walls, then, could be opened up t
o sunlight via wrap around glass windows. The housing was purported, by Corbusier, to be a cheap, efficient way to
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\par The plan had much in common with the Contemporary City - clearance of the historic cityscape and rebuilding utilizing modern methods of prod
uction. In the Radiant City, however, the pre-fabricated apartment houses, les unites, were at the center of "urban" life. Les unites were available to everyone (not just the elite) based upon the size and needs of each particular family. Sunlight and rec
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rculating air were provided as part of the design. The scale of the apartment houses was fifty meters high, which would accommodate, according to Corbusier, 2,700 inhabitants with fourteen square meters of space per person. The building would be placed up
on pilotus, five meters off the ground, so that more land could be given over to nature. Setback from other unites would be achieved by les redents, patterns that Corbusier created to lessen the effect of uniformity.
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\par Corbusier spends a great deal of the Ra
diant City manifesto elaborating on services available to the residents. Each apartment block was equipped with a catering section in the basement, which would prepare daily meals (if wanted) for every family and would complete each families' laundry chor
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s. The time saved would enable the individual to think, write, or utilize the play and sports grounds which covered much of the city's land. Directly on top of the apartment houses were the roof top gardens and beaches, where residents sun themselves in A
n
atural" surroundings - fifty meters in the air. Children were to be dropped off at les unites' day care center and raised by scientifically trained professionals. The workday, so as to avoid the crisis of overproduction, was lowered to five hours a day. W
o
men were enjoined to stay at home and perform household chores, if necessary, for five hours daily. Transportation systems were also formulated to save the individual time. Corbusier bitterly reproaches advocates of the horizontal garden city (suburbs) fo
r the time wasted commuting to the city. Because of its compact and separated nature, transportation in the Radiant City was to move quickly and efficiently. Corbusier called it the vertical garden city.
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